Our results demonstrate that p16 FISH is a more sensitive and specific test than GLUT-1 immunohistochemical analysis and can be a more reliable ancillary tool to support the diagnosis of mesothelioma.
Sensitivity and specificity of mesothelin were 51.6 and 71.4%, 51.6 and 85.2%, and 51.6 and 85% for differentiating mesothelioma from metastatic cancers to pleura, other benign pleural diseases and benign asbestos pleurisy, respectively.
Immunocytochemical studies on PF cell blocks allow: (a) to distinguish mesothelioma from reactive mesothelial proliferations (e.g. loss of BAP1 nuclear expression, complemented by the demonstration of p16 deletion using fluorescence in situ hybridization, indicate mesothelioma); (b) to separate mesothelioma from adenocarcinoma (e.g. calretinin, CK 5/6, WT-1 and D2-40 are markers of mesothelioma, whereas CEA, EPCAM, TTF-1, napsin A, and claudin 4 are markers of carcinoma); and (c) to reveal tumor origin in pleural metastases of an unknown primary site (e.g.
Cytologic identification of mesothelioma is particularly challenging, but testing for BAP1 nuclear expression (immunocytochemistry) and p16 deletion (fluorescence in situ hybridization) has greatly improved our diagnostic capabilities.
The identification of novel CTL agonist epitopes supports and extends observations that mesothelin is a potential target for immunotherapy of pancreatic and ovarian cancers, as well as mesotheliomas.
Loss of BAP1 function is implicated in the oncogenesis of several types of cancers including uveal, mucosal and some cutaneous melanomas in humans, as well as in mesothelioma.
We evaluated and compared the relative potential therapeutic efficacy of p14ARF and p16INK4A expressed in adenoviral vectors (Adp14ARF and Adp16INK4A, respectively) in three human mesothelioma cell lines.
This study tested the hypothesis that reexpression of p16INK4a carried out using the TAT delivery system that carries the protein transduction domain of the HIV TAT will result in mesothelioma cell death.
Approximately 80 % of mesothelioma specimens have the wild-type p53 gene, whereas they contain homozygous deletions in the INK4A/ARF locus that encodes p14 (ARF) and the 16 (INK4A) genes.
In all three tumor xenograft models, changes in human serum mesothelin correlated with response to therapy and were undetectable in mice with complete tumor regression with RG7787 and nab-paclitaxel.<b>Conclusions:</b> RG7787 plus nab-paclitaxel is very active against primary human mesothelioma cells <i>in vitro</i> as well as <i>in vivo</i>, with serum mesothelin levels correlating with tumor response.
The frequent occurrence of homozygous deletions of p16/CDKN2A-p14ARF and the ability of SV40 Tag to bind TSG products suggest that perturbations of both Rb- and p53-dependent growth-regulatory pathways are critically involved in the pathogenesis of MM.
MSLN, a 40kDa glycoprotein that is overexpressed in many cancers including ovarian and mesotheliomas is suggested to play a role in cell survival, proliferation, tumor progression, and adherence.
In line with the screen results, primary mesothelioma (BAP1+/-) overexpressing BAP1C91A (catalytically dead mutant) were more resistant to RNR inhibition, while BAP1 knockdown in the BAP1-proficient cell lines rescued the cells from their vulnerability to RNR depletion.
Mesothelin, a cell-surface molecule expressed in normal mesothelial cells and overexpressed in several cancers such as, mesothelioma and cholangiocarcinoma, was recently identified as a key regulator of portal myofibroblast proliferation, and fibrosis progression in the setting of chronic cholestatic liver disease.
Finally, the protein levels of ASXL2, BAP1 and UBE2E enzymes are highly correlated in mesothelioma tumors suggesting the importance of this signaling axis for tumor suppression.
MSLN is a validated cancer target known to be overexpressed in mesothelioma, ovarian, lung, breast, and pancreatic cancer, with low expression in normal tissue.
BAP1 was lost in 46 (87%) mesotheliomas compared with 4 (2%) of 205 other cancers (P < .001), resulting in sensitivity and specificity of 87% and 98%, respectively.
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase, AKT, and the downstream mTOR are involved in cell growth and survival, and they are often found to be activated in mesothelioma. p16(INK4a) and p14(ARF) are frequently inactivated in human mesothelioma, and ∼50% of mesotheliomas contain the NF2 mutation.
In the detection of mesothelioma, at a specificity of 90%, pleural fluid DNA integrity index had similar sensitivity to pleural fluid and serum mesothelin (75% each respectively).