Additionally, we tried to identify a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker correlated with the degree and rate of cognitive decline in progressive MS patients.
In a prospective investigation we searched the presence of DNA from 5 herpes viruses (HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, EBV and HHV6) in CSF and blood lymphocytes from 54 patients with ON, patients were followed 62 ± 3 months; those who developed MS were separated from those with ephemeral ON.
To identify a predictive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein, we analyzed the first-attack CSF samples of CIS patients who converted (CIS-MS) (n = 23) and did not convert (CIS-CIS) (n = 19) to RRMS in a follow-up period of 5 years using proteomics analysis by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and verified by ELISA.
A total of 695 patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of MS in any of the 22 RIREMS centers underwent a detailed diagnostic workup, including a brain and spinal cord MRI scan, CSF and blood examinations, and a 3-year clinical and radiologic follow-up.
Comprehensive CSF data, including oligoclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) bands (OCB) and calculated intrathecal IgM and IgG production, were collected in a prospective study of 150 patients with CIS/early MS with regular clinical and MRI assessments.
Compared to patients with Intracranial hypertension, the following CSF proteins: Extracellular Superoxide dismutase (ECSOD) at Cys195, α1-antitrypsin (A1AT) at Cys232, Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) at Cys318, Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein at Cys340, Ectonucleotide pyrophosphate (ENPP-2) at Cys773, Gelsolin at Cys304, Interleukin-18 (IL-18) at Cys38 and Ig heavy chain V III region POM at Cys22 were found to be glutathionylated in patients with multiple sclerosis during a relapse.
Levels of GFAP and NfL in serum (sGFAP and sNfL, respectively) and in CSF samples were measured in healthy controls (HCs) (n = 49; 49 serum samples), patients with NMOSD (n = 33; 42 CSF and 102 serum samples), and patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) (n = 49; 53 CSF and 91 serum samples) by ultrasensitive single-molecule array assays.
Three seronegative cases had CSF MOG-Abs (4% of the whole cohort or 7% of cases excluding patients with MS, in which MOG-Abs seem to lack diagnostic relevance).
Involvement of PECAM-1 in MS pathogenesis has been suggested by the detection of increased levels of soluble PECAM-1 (sPECAM-1) in the serum and CSF of MS patients.
Our results reveal that increased CSF PDGF concentration correlates with decreased short afferent inhibition in the motor cortex in MS patients and decreased GABAergic activity in EAE.
Elevated CSF protein expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, possibly specifically associated to GM demyelination, could remain stable or increase over time in patients with active multiple sclerosis.
Overall, we showed levels of CSF sSDC-1 were higher in NMO patients and had a positive relationship with disease severity of NMO but not with MS. CSF sSDC-1 may be an effective marker of NMO disease severity.
This study examines the potential of SPARCL-1 as CSF biomarker discriminating RRMS from SPMS in three independent cohorts (n = 249), analyses its expression pattern in MS lesions (n = 26), and studies its regulation in cultured human brain microvasculature endothelial cells (BEC) after exposure to MS-relevant inflammatory mediators.
Furthermore, we show in a series of pilot studies that Sema4A is detectable in the CSF of multiple sclerosis patients and HIV-seropositive persons and can induce oligodendrocyte cell death.
In the logistic multivariate analysis of clinical and laboratory data, the best predictors of evolution into MS were: the presence of oligoclonal bands in CSF (<i>p</i> < 0.001), past infection with EBV (<i>p</i> < 0.001), periventricular lesions (<i>p</i> < 0.001), hypointense lesions on T1 (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and lesions of the corpus callosum (<i>p</i> < 0.001) including Dawson fingers (<i>p</i> < 0.001).
The MRZ reaction (MRZR), composed of the three respective antibody indices (AIs) against measles, rubella, and varicella zoster virus, appears to be the most specific CSF marker for MS.
<b>Background:</b> Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of disease in patients with radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) are the subject of intense investigation, because they have the potential to enhance our understanding of the natural disease course and provide insights into similarities and differences between RIS and other multiple sclerosis (MS) disease identities.