The significantly altered angiogenesis-related miRs of high interest were miR-21, miR-106a, miR-126, miR-155, miR-182, miR-210 and miR-424. miR-155 correlated significantly with fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) in the total cohort (r = 0.17, P = 0.002), though most prominent in the subgroup with nodal metastasis (r = 0.34, P<0.001).
The mean expression ratio for miR-210 was significantly higher in trastuzumab-resistant BT474 cells, and miR-210 expression was significantly higher before surgery than after surgery (P = .0297) and in patients whose cancer metastasized to the lymph nodes (P = .0030).
In addition, miR-210 upregulation more frequently occurred in osteosarcoma tissues with large tumor size (P = 0.02), poor response to preoperative chemotherapy (P = 0.008), and positive metastasis (P = 0.01).
Neutral sphingomyelinase 2 regulates exosomal microRNA secretion and promotes angiogenesis within the tumor microenvironment as well as metastasis; in particular, the exosomal miR-210 secretion by neutral sphingomyelinase 2 confers the formation of the tumor vessel network.
In addition, there was no significant association between serum miR-210 levels and age, sex, tumor size or existence of metastasis at diagnosis among the 34 CCC patients.
MicroRNA-210 was also a significant predictor for overall survival (OS), metastasis free survival or distant relapse free survival (MFS/DRFS), and disease specific survival (DSS).
Over-expressed microRNA-210 demonstrated a significantly higher risk of recurrence, metastasis and overall decreased survival rates for breast cancer patients.
In multivariate analysis, miR-210 lost its statistically significant association with shorter disease-free survival and overall survival after adjusting for tumor size and tumor, node, metastasis stage.
HIF-1α drives miR-210's overexpression and the resultant alteration of cellular processes, including cell cycle regulation, mitochondria function, apoptosis, angiogenesis and metastasis.
Metastasis-related miRNAs are overexpressed in CTCs and corresponding plasma; miR-21 expression levels highly correlate in CTCs and plasma; and miR-21, miR-146a, and miR-210 are valuable plasma biomarkers for discriminating patients from healthy individuals.
Likewise, microRNA-210 transfection nearly totally inhibited tumor xenograft growth, proliferation and metastasis without obvious side effects in vivo.
In addition, genes encoding miRNA important for epithelial mesenchymal transition and other metastasis-related effects, such as mir-9, miR-34 and miR-210 can be good candidates for associating their DNA methylation profiles with CRC metastasis.
Validation by RT-qPCR in a LAC cohort comprising 52 patients confirmed that decreased expression of miR-30a-3p and increased expression of miR-210-3p were significantly associated with the presence of distant metastases. miR-210-3p tumor cell specificity was evaluated by in situ hybridization and its biomarker potential was confirmed by ROC curve analysis (AUC = 0.839).
The primary issue arising from prostate cancer (PCa) is its high prevalence to metastasize to bone, which severely affects the quality of life and survival time of PCa patients. miR-210-3p is a well-documented oncogenic miRNA implicated in various aspects of cancer development, progression and metastasis.
Together, these results indicate that miR-210-3p plays an important role in the regulation of bladder cancer growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo through targeting FGFRL1.
Accumulating evidence indicates that miRNAs contribute to tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis. microRNA-210 has been largely studied in the past several years and has been identified as a major miRNA induced under hypoxia.
Similarly, tumor progression was associated with significant alterations in miRNA expression, e.g. higher expression of miR-95 and miR-210, and lower expression of miR-378a-3p in metastases.
Additionally, re-analysis of previously published expression data of two matching cohorts (<i>n</i> = 100, <i>n</i> = 255) supports an association of hsa-miR-128-3p with shortened disease-free survival (HR:2.48, <i>p</i> = 0.0033) and an upregulation of miR-7-5p (<i>p</i> = 0.0038; <i>p</i> = 0.039) and miR-210-3p (<i>p</i> = 0.031) in primary tumors of patients who experienced metastases.
miR-210 was significantly higher in N1 PCa compared with nonmetastatic PCa, whereas the metastatic tumor revealed a lower expression level of miR-210 than the primary tumor.
In vivo xenograft assay and metastasis assay were performed to study the effects of miR-210 targeting E-cadherin on BCSCs growth and lung metastasis, and the tumors were assessed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.