It has been proposed that the metastasis suppressor CD82/KAI-1, which is a member of the tetraspanin superfamily, regulates biological activity by associating with cell surface receptors or proteins.
We concluded that CD82 decreases sLea/x expression via the down-regulation of ST3GAL4 expression and thereby reduces the adhesion of cancer cells to blood vessels, which results in inhibition of metastasis.
In the August issue of Nature Medicine, demonstrate that specific cell surface interactions between the metastasis suppressor KAI1 on tumor cells and the decoy cytokine receptor DARC on adjacent vascular cells triggers senescence in the tumor cells and suppresses metastasis.
In this review, we focus on the differential expression of KAI1/CD82, a tumor metastasis suppressor gene that can inhibit cancer invasion and cell metastasis during NSCLC.
The breast cancer antiestrogen resistance 1 (BCAR1) gene, located at 16q23, contributes to many cellular processes including migration and survival, and interacts in vitro with the growth factor receptor EGFR and the metastasis suppressor KAI1.
We investigated the expression of two metastasis-suppression genes--KAI-1 and KiSS-1--and a metastasis-associated gene--MTA1--in 108 adenocarcinomas, 15 gallbladder polyps, 35 chronic cholecystitis tissues, and 46 peritumoral tissues using in situ hybridization or immunohistochemistry.
Here we have identified and characterized a primarily nuclear non-polyadenylated, antisense (as)-lncRNA, initiating upstream of the KAI1 human metastasis suppressor gene transcription start site; and elongating in the opposite direction to KAI1 mRNA.
DU145 and PC3 cells do not express the KAI1metastasis suppressor gene, which is present in the prostate and is progressively lost during the progression of prostate cancers.
Affymetrix gene expression profiling, combined with gain- and loss-of-function analyses and chromatin immunoprecipitation, indicated that cluster of differentiation 82 (CD82), a documented metastasis suppressor, is a direct transcriptional target of ΔNp63α.
Three of these genes (KAI1, CD44 and MAPK kinase 4) act as metastasis suppressor genes of prostate cancer, while the remainder have yet to be tested in this cancer type.
To investigate the relationship between the expression of the cancer metastasis suppressor gene KAI1 and MMP-2 and MMP-9 in human bladder cancer cell lines that express variable levels of KAI1.
CD82 suppresses metastasis by multiple mechanisms including inhibition of cell motility and invasion, promotion of cell polarity as well as induction of senescence and apoptosis in response to extracellular stimuli.
Importantly, we show that in all these cancer cells liprin-α1 knockdown leads to the upregulation of transmembrane protein CD82, which is a suppressor of metastasis in several solid tumors.
It is concluded therefore that KAI1 plays an important role in cell adhesion, invasion and migration of breast cancer cells, in vitro, and is a potential metastasis suppressor gene in breast cancer.
Recently, we have reported the dynamic role of a beta-catenin-reptin chromatin remodelling complex in regulating a metastasis suppressor gene KAI1 (ref.1), which is capable of inhibiting the progression of tumour metastasis.