In this study conducted amongst Indian male tobacco users with upper aero-digestive tract (UADT) squamous carcinoma, 30 patients with multiple primary neoplasms (MPN) were compared with 28 age and sex matched patients with a single primary neoplasm (SPN) for various environmental factors (form of tobacco use, alcohol, radiotherapy for index cancer) and genetic parameters (family history of UADT cancers and GSTT1/GSTM1 genotype).