Restoration of miR-186 levels in neuroblastoma through NK cell-derived exosomes or by nanoparticle delivery reduces tumor burden, promotes survival, and restores the cell-killing abilities of NK cells, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of tumor-suppressive miRNAs in neuroblastoma.<i>See related article by Neviani and colleagues; Cancer Res 79(6):1151-64</i>.
Altogether, these data support the investigation of a miR-186-containing nanoparticle formulation to prevent tumor growth and TGFβ1-dependent immune escape in high-risk neuroblastoma patients as well as the inclusion of <i>ex vivo</i>-derived NK exosomes as a potential therapeutic option alongside NK cell-based immunotherapy.<b>Significance:</b> These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of NK cell-derived exosomes containing the tumor suppressor miR-186 that inhibits growth, spreading, and TGFβ-dependent immune escape mechanisms in neuroblastoma.