Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a major prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthetic enzyme and is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation and pain in osteoarthritis (OA).
A COX-2-specific gapmer designed with maximal chondrocyte gene silencing (~70% silencing efficiency at 500nM compared with a mismatch gapmer sequence) resulted in effective COX-2 silencing over 14days in hydrogels seeded with OA chondrocytes, with significant difference exhibited between day 3 and 10.
A MEDLINE search (2006-2016) was conducted for randomized controlled trials studying acetaminophen, oral NSAIDs, topical NSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitors, and opioids in the treatment of OA pain.
After a period of 4 additional weeks (end of week 11) the animals were sacrificed, and the stifle joints were examined histologically and immunohistochemically for cyclooxygenase 2, in conformity with recommendations of the Osteoarthritis Research Society International.
After multi‑induction, hUC‑MSCs were able to differatiate into adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic lineage. hUC‑MSCs inhibited the expression of matrix metalloproteinase‑13, collagen type X α1 chain and cyclooxygenase‑2 in OA chondrocytes, and enhanced the proliferation of OA chondrocytes, while OA chondrocytes stimulated the production of Col2, sox‑9 and aggrecan and promoted hUC‑MSCs differentiate into chondrocytes.
Although the metabolic products of COX-2, including prostaglandin (PG)E<sub>2</sub>, 15-deoxy-Δ<sup>12,14</sup>-PGJ<sub>2</sub> (15d-PGJ<sub>2</sub>), and PGF<sub>2α</sub>, have been reported to be effective in regulating the occurrence and development of OA by activating matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), the roles of PGF<sub>2α</sub> in OA are largely overlooked.
Among them, we evidence that amentoflavone showed very favorable interactions with the enzyme COX-2 in the in silico analysis.Thus, it is concluded that <i>A. chica</i> has important analgesic properties for the treatment of OA.
As interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is one of the key proinflammatory cytokines contributing to the progression in osteoarthritis, we investigated the effect of celastrol, a triterpenoid compound extracted from the Chinese herb Tript erygium wilfordii Hook F, in neutralizing the inflammatory effects of IL-1β on MMPs, iNOS and COX-2 expression as well as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production.
At present, steroidal drugs and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, are the first-line drugs for the treatment of OA.
Celecoxib, the first US FDA approved selective COX-2 inhibitor, initially developed for the treatment of adult rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, has been reported to reduce the formation of polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis.
Contribution of H3K4 methylation by SET-1A to interleukin-1-induced cyclooxygenase 2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in human osteoarthritis chondrocytes.
Conventional medical treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis includes the use of NSAIDs (traditional and selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase [COX]-2), because they provide unmistakable and significant health benefits in the treatment of pain and inflammation.
Cross-Coupling Effects of Silencing of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/Aggrecanase-1 and Over-Expressed Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) in an Osteoarthritis Animal Model.
Curcuminoids were found to have anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) enzyme and hence have potential application in the treatment of Osteoarthritis (OA).
Dexamethasone induced the expression of DUSP1 and inhibited the activation of the MAPK pathway and reduced the expression of MMP‑13 and COX‑2 in OA FLSs.
EGCG treatment consistently up-regulated the IL-1β-decreased hsa-miR-199a-3p expression (P < 0.05) and significantly inhibited the IL-1β-induced COX-2 expression/PGE<sub>2</sub> production (P < 0.05) in OA chondrocytes transfected with anti-hsa-miR-199a-3p.
ELF3 levels are elevated in human cartilage from patients with osteoarthritis (OA), and ELF3 contributes to the IL-1β-induced expression of genes encoding Mmp13, Nos2, and Ptgs2/Cox2 in chondrocytes in vitro.
Etodolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition to treat pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in humans and dogs.
Exposure to oral OA therapies (acetaminophen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, narcotics, and glucosamine/chondroitin sulfate) was determined within the 3 years prior to the date of the KR.