Inclusion criteria were the presence of mutation in the cationic trypsingen gene (PRSS1 gene), or chronic pancreatitis in at least two first-degree relatives, or three second-degree relatives, in the absence of precipitating factors for pancreatitis.
An abnormality within the intron region of the PRSS1 gene represents one of the causes of pancreatitis in Chinese patients, but it is not related to pancreatic diabetes.
The understanding of genetic risk factors for chronic pancreatitis increased in the last decade with the discovery of mutations in the cationic trypsinogen gene (PRSS1).
Four of 25 patients with pHPT and pancreatitis carried the N34S missense mutation in the SPINK1 gene (16%), while all 50 controls (pHPT without pancreatitis) showed no mutation in SPINK1 or PRSS1 genes (P < 0.05 vs controls, P < 0.001 vs general population).
A model of interactions between environmental triggers of pancreatic inflammation and disease susceptibility or modifying genes (including PRSS1, SPINK1 and CFTR) provides a framework within which to understand disease pathogenesis.
Relative expression of: (a) the PRSS1 R122 and H122 alleles; and (b) the PRSS1 and SPINK1 genes in pancreatitis were determined using complementary methods.
We analyzed 381 patients with a primary diagnosis of chronic or recurrent pancreatitis using the Ambry Test: Pancreatitis to obtain comprehensive genetic information for the CFTR, SPINK1, and PRSS1 genes.
Five mutations (R122H, N29I, A16V, D22G and K23R) in cationic trypsinogen and two mutations (N34S and M1T) in the PSTI/SPINK1 gene have been found to correlate significantly with the onset of pancreatitis.
We found the heterozygous G62C mutation in n = 3/80 patients (n = 2/52 patients from different families, 3.8%) with familial pancreatitis without PRSS1 mutation and in n = 3/126 patients (2.4%) with sporadic pancreatitis.
Human studies suggest that PRSS1 and SPINK1 mutation increase the pancreas' susceptibility to alcohol-associated pancreatitis, and that tobacco smoking, and some factors, affect disease progression.
PRSS1 mutations were identified mainly in CP patients (9.6% of CP vs 2.5% of ARP alleles, P = 0.094), whereas N34S SPINK1 mutation was present with comparable frequency in CP and ARP patients (7.7% vs 10.0%, P = 0.768).
The strong association of mutations in the PRSS1 gene and in the SPINKI gene with chronic pancreatitis supports the concept of intracellular trypsin activation as an initiating and extremely important step in the development of pancreatitis.
[A case of R122H mutation of cationic trypsinogen gene in a pediatric patient with hereditary pancreatitis complicated by pseudocyst and hemosuccus pancreaticus].
After exclusion of patients with trypsinogen (PRSS1) mutations, cystic fibrosis, or pulmonary disease, and with known risk factors for pancreatitis 67 patients with idiopathic chronic pancreatitis (ICP) from northwest Germany and 60 geographically and ethnically matched controls were recruited.
Autosomal dominant pancreatitis with increased cancer risk in the studied Thai family is most likely due to missense (R116C) mutation in the PRSS1 gene.