Two and three doses of MSCs reduced lung inflammation, levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, and eotaxin; total leukocyte, CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell, and eosinophil counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; and total leukocyte counts in bone marrow, spleen, and mediastinal lymph nodes.
There is an increased expression of eotaxin and MCP-4 mRNA within the peripheral airways of lungs of asthmatic subjects, suggesting that these chemokines contribute to the small airways and peripheral lung inflammation in asthma.
Whilst the inhibition of either the IL-4/IL-13 or IL-5/eotaxin pathways resulted in the abolition of tissue eosinophils and AHR, only depletion of IL-5 and eotaxin concurrently results in marked attenuation of pulmonary inflammation.
Ten milligram per kilogram (total anthocyanins) of a commercially available, anthocyanin-rich New Zealand "Ben Ard" blackcurrant extract ("Currantex 30") attenuated ovalbumin-induced inflammation, eosinophilia (by 52.45 ± 38.50%), and CCL11 production (by 48.55 ± 28.56%) in a mouse model of acute allergic lung inflammation.
Expansion of CD4(+) CD25(+) and CD25(-) T-Bet, GATA-3, Foxp3 and RORγt cells in allergic inflammation, local lung distribution and chemokine gene expression.
These data suggest that, in the Sephadex model of lung inflammation, eotaxin up-regulation mediates intrapulmonary accumulation of eosinophils and the development of lung injury.