Despite these controversies, adiponectin is gaining attention as a potential therapeutic target for diverse CNS disorders, such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, anxiety, and depression.
On the other hand, a reduced level of adiponectin, a significant predictor of cardiovascular mortality, is associated with impaired fasting glucose, leading to type-2 diabetes development, metabolic abnormalities, coronary artery calcification, and stroke.
Leptin and adiponectin mediate proatherogenic and antiatherogenic responses, respectively, and hence, determining the plasma or serum levels of leptin and adiponectin alone or in combination may act as a novel prognostic biomarker for inflammation and atherosclerosis in stroke.
We also focus on the links between adiponectin and lipid disorders and with coronary heart disease and noncardiac vascular diseases (i.e. stroke, peripheral artery disease, carotid artery disease, atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis, abdominal aortic aneurysms and chronic kidney disease).
Indeed, clinical studies found altered concentration of adiponectin both in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in several pathologies including depression, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and stroke.
As an adipose tissue-specific protein, adiponectin has been suggested as a protective factor for stroke, acting through anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic effects.
Twelve studies including 26,213 participants and 4,246 stroke cases indicated that 5 μg/ml increments in adiponectin level were not relevant to stroke risk (RR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.00-1.10, P = 0.069).
We also discuss the relationship of single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the adiponectin, leptin genes, and the -420C > G polymorphism of resistin gene with stroke risk.
A random-effects dose-response meta-analysis was performed on prospective studies reporting on adiponectin and incident stroke in healthy populations up to April 2013, identified through MEDLINE and EMBASE.
To study of AdipoQ, a further 673 ischemic stroke patients and 267 unrelated individuals without a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack were examined in a case-control study.