Because the XBP1 transcription factor is involved in stress and immunological responses, our results suggest an alternative way to activate XBP1 upon viral infection or nuclear localization of PABP.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Rotavirus is one of the most important pathogens causing severe gastroenteritis in young children worldwide.
Here, we demonstrate that the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α) and its substrate transcription factor X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) drive NK cell responses against viral infection and tumors in vivo.
In this review, we will summarize the current findings on the involvement of XBP-1 in viral infection/ replication and discuss the potential anti-viral strategies by targeting XBP-1.
When incubated with replication-deficient and UV-irradiated EV71, XBP1-overexpressing RD cells exhibited reduced viral RNA levels, suggesting that the inhibition of XBP1s by viral infection may underlie viral entry, which is required for viral replication.