Previous case reports and research have suggested an association between EGFR gene mutation and miliary patterned lung metastases in non-small cell lung cancer.
In multivariate analysis, lobulated margins (odds ratio, 4.815; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.789, 12.961; P = .002), N2 or N3 lymph node involvement (odds ratio, 2.445; 95% CI: 1.005, 5.950; P = .049), and lymphangitic lung metastasis (odds ratio, 8.485; 95% CI: 2.238, 32.170; P = .002) were more common in patients with ALK rearrangement than in those with EGFR mutation.
CPEB2KO, but not wild-type cells produced lung colonies upon intravenous injection and subcutaneous tumors and spontaneous lung metastases upon implantation at mammary sites in NOD/SCID/IL2Rϒ-null mice, identified with HLA immunostaining.
A higher percentage of KRAS mutations was detected in primary tumors of patiens with lung metastases than in patients with liver metastases (59% vs 32%; p = 0.054).
Physician should recognize this subgroup of patients with lung cancer when facing a picture of miliary pulmonary metastases in chest x-ray or computed tomography scan in patients with a history of never smoking and consider upfront therapy with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Combined human papillomavirus typing and TP53 mutation analysis in distinguishing second primary tumors from lung metastases in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Analysis of KRAS mutation combined with immunohistochemical expression of CD44 and CD166 identified subgroups of patients with colon adenocarcinoma at higher risk of lymph node involvement by the tumor and development of liver and lung metastasis.
Results indicated that knockdown of mutant (V600E)B-Raf inhibited melanoma cell extravasation in vitro and subsequent lung metastasis development in vivo.
The c-myc gene was amplified 5-7-fold in two adenocarcinomas, the H-ras gene 3 5-fold in one adenocarcinoma, while the K-ras and the neu gene were amplified in lung metastases from a colorectal and a breast cancer primary respectively.
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are used as a first line therapy for metastatic lung cancer harboring somatic EGFR mutation.
The role of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in patients with metastatic lung cancer harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations is not defined.
Bivariate analyses demonstrated significant differences between KRAS wild-type, codon 12-mutated, and codon 13-mutated tumors with regard to synchronous lymph node metastasis (P=0.018), organ metastasis (76.8% vs. 65.9% vs. 89.5%, P=0.009), liver metastasis (89.5% vs. 78.2% vs. 92.1%, P=0.025), lung metastasis (29.5% vs. 42.9% vs. 50%, P=0.041), liver-only metastasis (48.4% vs. 28.8% vs. 28.9%, P=0.006), and metastases in two or more organs (49.5, 61.4, 71.1, P=0.047).
In this review we address two genetic alterations, the dominant ras oncogene and the p53 tumor suppressor gene, which are commonly found in lung cancer and pulmonary metastases.
Similarly, in the 1428 samples analyzed, BRAF mutations were less often found in liver metastases (N = 9/396; 2.3%) as compared to primary tumors (N = 79/959; 8.2%), lung metastases (N = 2/29; 6.9%), or other metastatic locations (N = 2/44; 4.5%; P < 0.0002).
Mice with Trp53 mutations in a few breast epithelial cells develop breast cancers with high similarity to human breast cancer including triple negative. p53R245W tumors are the most aggressive and exhibit metastases to lung and liver.
All lesions showed positive staining for mutant EGFR protein, except for 40% of the papillary component in one of the pulmonary metastases (weak staining below the 1+ threshold).
Overall, the prevalence of KRAS exon 2 was 36.8%, and it was lower in liver metastases (N = 138/490; 28.2%) in comparison with primary tumors (N = 442/1086; 40.7%), lung metastases (16/32; 50%), or other metastatic sites (15/51; 29.4%; P < 0.0001).
Totally, 448 patients were included.On multivariate analyses, RAS mutations were significantly associated with increased odds of having lung metastases at diagnosis of mCRC (odds ratio (OR) = 2.04; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.32-3.17), and PIK3CA mutations with decreased odds of peritoneal metastases at diagnosis of mCRC (OR = 0.10; 95%CI = 0.01-0.79).
The prognosis of patients with advanced NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations with miliary pulmonary metastasis demonstrated significantly worse outcomes compared to those without miliary pulmonary metastasis.