The ApoE epsilon4 allele frequency (29.5%) was significantly higher in the AD patients than in the nAD patients (17.1%) or in the control groups (9.5%).
We have found downmodulated AR expression in dermal fibroblasts underlying premalignant skin cancer lesions (actinic keratoses and dysplastic nevi) as well as in CAFs from the 3 major skin cancer types, squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), basal cell carcinomas, and melanomas.
Here we report that PUMA expression is significantly weaker in primary melanomas compared to dysplastic nevi (P<0.0001), and is further reduced in metastatic melanomas compared to primary tumors (P=0.001).
The T1796A single point mutation in exon 15 of the BRAF gene has recently been reported in a high percentage of malignant melanomas and benign melanocytic lesions such as congenital nevi, compound nevi, intradermal nevi and dysplastic nevi.
Extended BRAF testing for 9 mutations in 125 dysplastic nevi from 101 patients, derived from populations with differing potential UV radiation exposure rates (Lebanon and Saudi Arabia), was performed.
In addition, we found that there was no association between the BRAF genotype and mean total number of banal or atypical nevi in either the cases or controls.
However, comparing only atypical nevi and melanoma lesions the frequency of BRAF mutation is significantly greater in male (78%) than female (35%) patients (P = 0.0194).
Dermoscopy-targeted sampling and genotyping of a melanoma in situ arising in a dysplastic nevus revealed a phenotype-genotype paradox that confounds the exclusive significance of BRAF and NRAS mutations in melanoma pathogenesis.
The disparate expression of IGFBP7 in BRAFV600E-positive dysplastic nevi (enhanced in 56% and diminished/absent in 44%) indicates that the behavior of oncogenic BRAF in dysplastic nevi, unlike that in malignant melanoma, does not appear to consistently induce senescence/apoptosis through pathways mediated by IGFBP7.
Five of the 10 Spitz nevi with BRAF mutations were altered by more than usual cytologic atypia and/or architectural atypia overlapping with dysplastic nevi, or irritation/inflammation; one desmoplastic Spitz nevus had a BRAF mutation.
We found that BRMS1 expression was significantly decreased in metastatic melanoma compared with primary melanoma or dysplastic nevi (P=0.021 and 0.001, respectively, χ(2) test).
Statistically significant differences in cyclin D1 expression were observed between melanomas and common nevi as well as between dysplastic and common nevi (p = 0.0001), but not between melanomas and dysplastic nevi.
The aim of this study is to investigate cyclin D1 expression and Ki67 proliferative index in a group of melanocytic lesions to address the biologic significance of sporadic dysplastic nevi in the progression of melanocytic lesions.
Cyclin D1 overexpression also correlated with cytologic atypia, as dysplastic nevi with moderate or severe cytologic atypia contained a greater percentage of cyclin D1-positive cells than did nevi with mild atypia.
In fact, KAI1 expression is drastically reduced in primary melanoma compared with dysplastic nevi (P = 1.8×10(-4)) and further reduced in metastatic melanoma compared with primary melanoma (P = 9.4 × 10(-15)).
CD44v8-10 and U2AF2 expression levels, which are negatively correlated with CD82 levels, are markedly elevated in primary melanoma compared with dysplastic nevi and further increased in metastatic melanoma.