PNPLA3rs738409 G allele carriers were found to be more susceptible to the metabolic-related hepatic steatosis, and developed NAFLD and liver fibrosis despite presenting relatively better metabolic statuses and lower risks for carotid atherosclerosis.
The rs738409 C>G p.I148M variant in the patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3)-gene promotes triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cell activation and has previously been linked to hepatic steatosis/liver fibrosis.
Finally, we briefly highlight future research that may elucidate the specific mechanisms of the PNPLA3I148M variant in fibrogenesis, which, in turn, provides a theoretical foundation and valuable experimental data for the clinical management of nonalcoholic fatty liver fibrosis.
Presence of minor allele (G) of PNPLA3 was also associated with moderate/severe steatosis (≥33%) both in patients with (OR: 2.405 [CI95%: 1.220-4.744], P=0.011) and without MetS (OR: 2.481 [CI95%: 1.172-5.250], P=0.018), but was only associated with NASH (OR: 2.002 [CI95%: 1.062-3.772], P=0.032) and liver fibrosis (OR: 2.646 [CI95%: 1.299-5.389], P=0.007) in patients without MetS.
PNPLA3 p.148M/M genotype was negatively associated with SVR and early viral kinetics independently of steatosis, albeit only in difficult-to-cure G1/4 patients with advanced fibrosis, whereas stratification for the p.148M/M PNPLA3 genotype unmasked an association between IL28B CC genotype and more severe liver fibrosis.
PNPLA3 genotypes were also associated with higher risk of developing liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in dominant (aOR: 1.98, P=2.20*10-5; aOR: 1.67, P=0.008, respectively) and recessive (aOR: 3.94, P=5.16*10-5; aOR: 3.02, P=0.003, respectively) models.
In particular, the common I148M variant of the PNPLA3 gene influencing hepatic lipid metabolism influences HCC risk independently of its effect on the progression of liver fibrosis.
Conversely, this enzymatic activity is markedly reduced with purified PNPLA3 148M, a common mutation robustly associated with liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma development.
Contradictory data about the impact of the rs738409 steatosis-related polymorphism within PNPLA3 gene on liver fibrosis progression in HIV/hepatitis C virus (HIV/HCV)-coinfected patients have been reported.
PNPLA3rs738409 polymorphism was associated with the severity of liver fibrosis in patients coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus, suggesting that this polymorphism might also play a significant role in the progression of hepatic fibrosis in this group of patients.
Homozygosity for the patatin-like phospholipase-3/adiponutrinI148M polymorphism influences liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
To perform a comprehensive study on independent modulators of liver fibrosis progression and determinants of portal pressure considering immune status, insulin resistance (IR), serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels, genetic variants of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) and interleukin 28B (IL28B) in a thoroughly documented cohort of HIV/hepatitis C-coinfected (HIV/HCV) patients.
PNPLA3rs738409 (C>G) was associated with the risk of both advanced liver fibrosis and steatosis in patients with CHC, especially among Caucasian populations.
In multivariate models adjusting for histologic features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis, PNPLA3I148M is associated with a decrease in VLDL particle size.
Allelic variation (rs738409C→G) in adiponutrin (patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3, PNPLA3) has been associated with hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis.
PNPLA3 G was also associated with increased levels of ALT, except in participants with Dominican and South American backgrounds, and with liver fibrosis.
Furthermore, using two histologically characterized cohorts encompassing steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis (combined n=1,074), we demonstrate a new association, independent of potential confounding factors (age, BMI, type 2 diabetes mellitus and PNPLA3rs738409 genotype), with advanced hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis.
When patients were grouped according to their diabetes status, the PNPLA3 genetic variants were associated with advanced liver fibrosis in diabetic patients only, but not in non-diabetic patients.
Multiple logistic regression was performed to investigate the association of PNPLA3 G allele with clinical and laboratory variables and with hepatic fibrosis/steatosis.
This study aims to assess the impact of IL28B rs8099917 polymorphism on CHC genotype 4 (G4) susceptibility and liver fibrosis progression individually; and in combination with PNPLA3rs738409.<b>Patients and methods:</b> IL28B rs8099917 and PNPLA3rs738409 were genotyped in 150 Egyptian CHC patients and 175 healthy controls using real-time PCR.<b>Results:</b> IL28B rs8099917 genotype distribution significantly differs in healthy individuals versus CHC patients (<i>p</i> = .018); and in low versus advanced fibrosis IL28B (<i>p</i> = .013).
This study assessed the contribution of the PNPLA3rs738409 polymorphism with regard to the steatosis and degree of liver fibrosis in Brazilian patients diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C.
In patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), PNPLA3 GG compared to CC was associated with higher AST levels [38.4±25.3 versus 36.7±40.1IU/L, p=0.0395)] and with the presence of liver fibrosis (≥F2 fibrosis, p=0.0272).