Higher levels of phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT)/protein kinase B (AKT) (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and lower levels of the apoptosis factors Bcl2-associated x (Bax) and caspase-3 were observed in the MSC-treated group than in the DM ED group (<i>p</i> < 0.05).
These results demonstrate that PDGF secretion by CCSMCs and vascular endothelial cells is enhanced under hypoxic conditions, leading to increased Cx43 expression through PI3K/AKT/β-catenin signaling and ultimately affecting GJ function in ED.
Over-activation of penile PARP pathway in diabetic rats enhances corporal apoptosis via energy depletion, suppression of Akt phosphorylation, and activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, which results in ED; these event could be prevented by treatment with 3-AB.
Severe ED (62.8% vs 43.8%, <i>P</i>=0.037), mild-to-moderate ED (12.2% vs 5.2%, <i>P</i>=0.016), abdominal obesity (37.2% vs 22.9%, <i>P</i>=0.003), metabolic syndrome (38.4% vs 19.2%, <i>P</i>=0.026), proteinuria (0.83±0.68 vs 0.69±0.48 mg/dL, <i>P</i>=0.023), and C-reactive protein (6.1±4.9 vs 4.1±3.6 mg/L, <i>P</i><0.001) were high; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (48.8±14.0 vs 52.6±13.5 mg/dL, <i>P</i>=0.009), and albumin (4.02±0.53 vs 4.18±0.38 g/dL, <i>P</i>=0.001) were low in the hypomagnesemia group.
Age greater than 50 years, body mass index lower than 25, diabetes mellitus, stages IV/V of CKD, cardiac conduction disturbances, benign prostatic hyperplasia, smoking, alcohol use, albumin <3.5 g per 100 ml and creatinine clearance between 15 and 29 ml min<sup>-1</sup> per 1.73 m<sup>2</sup> were associated with ED.
Other studies with larger sample sizes are required to determine whether ALCAM represents a novel gene in the pathogenesis of diabetes associated erectile dysfunction.
The insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene (ACE) and the C825T polymorphism in the G-protein β3 subunit gene (GNB3) are associated with the efficacy of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor (PDE-5I) in erectile dysfunction.
Seven plants in the top rank were selected from the "MANOSROI III" database using the two Thai keywords which meant impotence and sexual tonic.<i>Boesenbergia rotunda</i> (L.) Mansf. extract [EDP1-001(1)] gave the highest PDE inhibition activity of 4.36-fold sildenafil, a standard anti-impotence drug.<i>Plumbago indica</i> Linn. extract [EDP2-001(1)] exhibited the highest NO release stimulation activity of 666.85% which was 1.50-fold acetylcholine, a standard drug.
The PDE-5i, like sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafil, are effective in the treatment of ED with some benefits/ flexibilities and disadvantages compared to other treatment modalities.
MyD88 overexpression deteriorates cavernous structural damage, reduces ICP and ICP/MAP values and reverses the therapeutic effect of anti-TLR4 antibodies in rats with Ang-II-induced ED.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the interaction of serum testosterone levels and AR CAG repeat polymorphism on the risk of ED in aging Taiwanese men.
When compared to normal human cavernosal tissue, diabetic corpus cavernosum from humans with erectile dysfunction had higher levels of arginase II protein, gene expression, and enzyme activity.
Given that human arginase II appears to play a role in regulating l-arginine bioavailability to NO synthase in human penile corpus cavernosum smooth muscle, the inhibition of human arginase II is a potential new strategy for the treatment of erectile dysfunction [Kim, N. N., Cox, J. D., Baggio, R. F., Emig, F. A., Mistry, S., Harper, S. L., Speicher, D. W., Morris, S. M., Ash, D. E., Traish, A. M., and Christianson, D. W. (2001) Biochemistry 40, 2678-2688].
Radiation reaction and radiation sensitivity contribute to ED and greater LUTS in men who have had brachytherapy for prostate cancer.This contribution is evident, e.g. in men with ataxia-telangiectasia (ATM) gene mutations.