X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism (XDP/DYT3/Lubag) patients had improved dystonia and parkinsonism with bilateral pallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the literature.
SNORD115-TAF1 and SNORD-DPM2 dysfunction introduce possible clues to the parkinsonism and increased creatinine phosphokinase in NMS, while abnormalities of SNORD115-RALGPS1 suggest links to both anti-NMDAR encephalitis and the proven predisposing catatonic SHANK3 gene.
Other entities entailing dystonia-parkinsonism include dopamine transporter deficiency syndrome (SLC63 mutations); dopa-responsive dystonias; young-onset parkinsonism (PARKIN, PINK1 and DJ-1 mutations); PRKRA mutations; and X-linked TAF1 mutations, which rarely can also manifest in women.
X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism (XDP, DYT3), endemic in the Philippine island of Panay, is characterized by the clinical onset with dystonia followed by parkinsonism.