More intriguingly, by skewing macrophages polarization away from the M1- to a tumor-promoting M2-like phenotype, hypoxia and IL-6 cooperate to enhance the LLC metastasis both in vitro and in vivo.
Interleukin 6 gene transfection into Lewis lung carcinoma tumor cells suppresses the malignant phenotype and confers immunotherapeutic competence against parental metastatic cells.
Using the Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) model, we show that tumor growth induces a progressive increase in peripheral inflammation as observed by elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6).