These data demonstrate elevated expression of COX-2 in a high percentage of high-grade bladder carcinomas, suggesting a possible role of COX-2 in the progression of bladder urothelial carcinoma and supporting its potential as a therapeutic target in human bladder carcinoma.
Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 COX-2 induces expression of immune- and cell proliferation-related genes and is associated with the grade, prognosis and recurrence of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
Silibinin attenuates TGF‑β1‑induced migration and invasion via EMT suppression and is associated with COX‑2 downregulation in bladder transitional cell carcinoma.