K5-NP attenuated vascular endothelial growth factor and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 overexpression and reduced leukostasis and vascular leakage for at least 4 weeks after a single injection in the retina of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
In vitro studies showed that exposure of HUVECs to VEGF increased the number of adhering monocytes, and PEDF inhibited the VEGF-induced leukostasis in a dose-dependent manner.