Among the cancer networks and STNs we considered, it is found that there is a substantial amount of crosstalking through motif interconnections, in particular, the crosstalk between prostate cancer network and PI3K-Akt STN.To validate the role of network motifs in cancer formation, several examples are presented which demonstrated the effectiveness of the present approach.
Gene expression changes corresponded with the cellular events in the KEGG prostate cancer pathway, indicating that initial plus secondary exposure to estrogen altered the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, ultimately resulting in apoptosis inhibition and an increase in cell cycle progression.
Second, our finding that MYC then must supersede AKT to drive cell proliferation points to MYC inhibition as a critical part of PI3K pathway therapy in lethal prostate cancer.
Here, PI3K pathway activation was assessed, in clinical tissue from 1,021 men with prostate cancers, using multiple pathway nodes that include PTEN, phosphorylated AKT (pAKT), phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (pS6), and stathmin.
Electroporation was performed to introduce linear regulatory plasmid PrevTet-off-in and conjugative plasmid PrevTRE2-flag-E6AP into prostate cancer cell line to establish wild-type E6-AP over-expressing transgenic LNCaP cell line; Western blot assay was adopted to examine expression levels of E6-AP, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), protein kinase B (Akt), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K); PI3K inhibitor LY294002 was applied to all the cells and MTT assay was used to measure cell proliferation; Matrigel invasion chamber assay was adopted to detect cancer cell migration and invasion.
Increased 4EBP1 abundance was a common feature in prostate cancer patients who had been treated with the PI3K pathway inhibitor BKM120; thus, 4EBP1 may be associated with drug resistance in human tumors.
Taken together, these data clearly demonstrated the involvement of the miR-218/LGR4 regulatory pathway in IL-6-induced cell proliferation and invasion in LNCaP-IL-6+ cells via PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin signaling, providing new insight into therapeutics for inflammation-induced prostate cancer.
Taken together, we demonstrate that PI3K/Akt/AMPK might be an important axis modulating NE differentiation of prostate cancer that is blocked by the cannabinoid WIN, pointing to a therapeutic potential of cannabinoids against NE prostate cancer.
We show that elevated levels of PPARG strongly correlate with elevation of FASN in human CaP and that high levels of PPARG/FASN and PI3K/pAKT pathway activation confer a poor prognosis.
These data argue for AKT-associated HK2-mediated metabolic reprogramming and mitochondrial association in PI3K-driven prostate cancer as one survival mechanism downstream of AR inhibition.
Combined inhibition of PI3K and PARP has been shown to be effective in the treatment of preclinical models of breast cancer and prostate cancer independent of BRCA or PIK3CA mutational status.
These results suggest that coumestrol can inhibit progression of prostate cancer and may be a novel chemotherapeutic agent for treatment of prostate cancer via effects mediated via the PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 and JNK MAPK cell signaling pathways..
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) deleted on chromosome 10, a tumor suppressor that negatively regulates the phosphoinositide-3-kinase(PI3K) which has been implicated in a number of human malignancies including prostate cancer.
Taken together, these results indicate that ST6Gal-I plays a critical role in cell proliferation and invasion via the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway during PCa progression and that it might be a promising target for PCa prognosis determination and therapy.
Sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways have been implicated in prostate cancer chemoresistance.
Selected compounds were tested for potential PI3Kα inhibitory activity as well as for their cytotoxic effect in prostate cancer cell lines (DU145 and PC3).
Recently, somatic mutations have been discovered in relation to cancer progression mainly in genes such as PIK3CA; however, little data has been described in PCa.