Recently, the use of chimeric antigen receptor modified T (CAR-T)-cells in the treatment of hematological tumors has been successful and has become a clinical hotspot in tumor immunotherapy.
The biggest advances have been made with CAR T cells and many of those studies are now FDA approved as a routine treatment for some hematologic malignancies.
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy is a novel cellular immunotherapy that is widely used to treat hematological malignancies, including acute leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma.
Innovative approaches such as haploidentical stem cell transplantation, new monoclonal antibodies and immunotherapies as well as Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR-T cell) therapies are on the way as promising treatment options especially for patients with refractory hematologic malignancies and even in solid tumors.
<b>Aim:</b> Chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T (CAR-T) cells have gained huge success in treating hematological malignancies, yet the CD3ζ-based CAR-T therapies have not shown comparable clinical benefits in solid tumors.
Although CAR T cell therapy mediates robust responses in patients with hematological malignancies, this approach has been less effective for treating patients with solid tumors.
Despite the great success of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T)-cell therapy in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, CAR-T-cell therapy is limited in solid tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
This review focuses on application of CAR-T cells in hematologic malignancies beyond targeting CD19, with specific attention to Hodgkin's lymphoma and acute myeloid leukemia.
This study offers a reference for future research regarding the application in solid and hematologic malignancies, side effects and relapse, and even the production processes of CAR T cells.
We also discuss the basic research and ongoing clinical trials on emerging immune checkpoints (Galectin-9/Tim-3, CD70/CD27, LAG-3, and LILRBs) and on new targets for CAR-T cell therapy (CD22, CD33, CD123, BCMA, CD38, and CD138) for the treatment of hematologic malignancies.
Therefore, the inhospitable solid TME becomes a major hurdle in translating the success of CAR T cell therapy in hematological malignancies to solid tumors.
Although CAR T-cell therapy has demonstrated tremendous clinical efficacy especially in hematological malignancies, severe treatment-associated toxicities still compromise the widespread application of this innovative technology.
CAR-T has shown promise in a number of other hematologic malignancies, and toxicities have become more manageable as its use is becoming more widespread.
Chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T (CAR-T)-cell therapy holds significant promise for the treatment of hematological malignancies, especially for B-cell leukemia and lymphoma.
It is therefore hypothesized that targeting CAR T cells towards the tumor vasculature of solid tumors may share the excellent effects of CAR T cell therapy with that against hematological malignancies.
Currently, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) immunotherapy has achieved numerous breakthroughs in the treatment of hematological malignancies, including relapsed or refractory lymphoblastic leukemia and refractory large B-cell lymphoma.
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells are a promising new treatment for patients with relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancies, including lymphoma.
Clinical success of autologous CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR Ts) in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma suggests that CAR Ts may be a promising therapy for hematological malignancies, including multiple myeloma.
Chimeric antigen receptor-modified (CAR-modified) T cells have shown promising therapeutic effects for hematological malignancies, yet limited and inconsistent efficacy against solid tumors.