Moreover, the mean age of onset of both colorectal cancer (MSH6 v MSH2/MLH1 = 55 years v 44/41 years) and endometrial carcinomas (MSH6 v MSH2/MLH1 = 55 years v 49/48 years) is delayed.
Mutations in MSH6 were less prevalent, and MSH6 mutation carriers presented with colorectal and endometrial cancer at later ages than carriers of mutations in MSH2 or MLH1.
Lynch syndrome is caused by germline mutations in MSH2, MLH1, MSH6, and PMS2 mismatch-repair genes and leads to a high risk of colorectal and endometrial cancer.
Furthermore, the mean age at diagnosis of endometrial cancer in Japanese MSH6 mutation carriers (49.2 years) was earlier than previous reports from Western countries (56.5 years).
A mutational analysis of three DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes (hMLH1, hMSH2 and hMSH6) in patients with endometrial cancer who meet our criteria for familial predisposition to HNPCC-associated endometrial cancers was performed.
Prophylactic hysterectomy in HNPCC should be restricted to women in whom abdominal surgery for other reasons is performed and to those with particularly increased risk such as MSH6 mutation carriers and/or women with multiple relatives with endometrial carcinoma.
Lynch syndrome due to pathogenic variants in the DNA mismatch repair genes MLH1, MSH2, and MSH6 is predominantly associated with colorectal and endometrial cancer, although extracolonic cancers have been described within the Lynch tumor spectrum.
Women who were MSH6 mutation carriers had a 26-fold increased incidence of endometrial cancer (HR = 25.5, 95% CI = 16.8 to 38.7) and a sixfold increased incidence of other cancers associated with Lynch syndrome (HR = 6.0, 95% CI = 3.4 to 10.7).
Recently, a link has been established between hMSH6 mutations and 'atypical' hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) with an increased incidence of endometrial cancers.
We report the first case of compound heterozygosity for two MSH6 mutations resulting in a nonconservative amino-acid change of a conserved residue and in a premature stop codon in a patient who developed rectal and endometrial cancer at ages 19 and 24 years, respectively, and presented few CALS in a single body segment.
Microsatellite instability positive ECs frequently are associated with frameshift mutations in coding mononucleotide tracts in IGFIIR, BAX, hMSH6, and hMSH3.
We identified germline mutations in BRCA1 and in MSH6 in a patient with increased risk for HBOC diagnosed with endometrial cancer at the age of 46 years.
However, to optimise the detection of MSH6 families, MSI and IHC analysis should also be performed in families with clustering of late-onset endometrial carcinoma.
MSH6 mutation carriers have later age of onset of both colorectal cancer (62 vs. 51 years) and endometrial cancer (58 vs. 48 years) and a larger proportion of endometrial cancer than MLH1 or MSH2 mutation carriers.
Endometrial cancer of the proband was investigated for microsatellite instability (MSI) and immunohistochemical expression of MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6 proteins.