These results suggested that KHS has significant effects on analgesia and anti-inflammation with decreasing the pro-inflammation cytokines of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and inhibiting the proteins expression of COX-2 and iNOS.
There was a significant reduction in IL6, IL1β and increase in IL10 in PPB compared with EDB at 6 and 24 hours postoperatively and compared with preinfusion levels (P≤0.001).
Effect of pre-emptive analgesia on clinical parameters and tissue levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in third molar surgery: a triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.
Since IL-1Ra polymorphism is known to affect the levels of both IL-1Ra and IL-1, cytokines associated with modulation of pain sensitivity and morphine analgesia, it is suggested that IL-1Ra genetic polymorphism may contribute to the variation in postoperative morphine consumption.