The highest levels of Th1- (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-2, IFN-γ), Th17- (IL-17A, IL-22), and Th2- (IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13) related cytokines were observed in women with SD + SA.
Based on the CDS and DASS-42, 54% met the criteria for severe depression (CDS > 100) and 19.2% for severe-to-very severe anxiety (DASS-anxiety > 15), respectively.
The highest levels of Th1- (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-2, IFN-γ), Th17- (IL-17A, IL-22), and Th2- (IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13) related cytokines were observed in women with SD + SA.
Decreased UA levels showed weak negative correlation with the presence of sadness and disturbed daily activities, higher CRP levels positively correlated with severe depression and the correlation between depression and fatigue was also observed (p < 0.05).
An 18-year-old black African man with well-controlled perinatally acquired HIV-1 was diagnosed in late adolescence with the unrelated diagnoses of Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A (CMT1A), epilepsy due to polymicrogyria and subsequently developed severe depression.
A qualitative study nested within a randomised controlled trial for older people with moderate to severe depression: the CASPER plus Trial (Care for Screen Positive Elders).
Regarding depression levels, 450 (43.8%) participants had mild depression with GDS-15 scores between 5 and 8, and 18.9% of participants had moderate depression, represented by GDS-15 scores between 9 and 11.No participants had severe depression.
On these grounds we investigated Klotho levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of eight geriatric patients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for severe depression.
The findings provide further evidence that the IL-6/IL6R pathways are involved in pathogenesis of severe depression and psychosis, and may be novel therapeutic targets.
Patients with unipolar or bipolar disorder with current moderate to severe depression referred to ECT (N = 52) are randomized to receive four high-dose infusions of EPO (40,000 IU/ml) or placebo (saline).
Overall, 22.1% and 39.2% of participants reported a PCS and an MCS <50, respectively (indicating worse health than the US national average); 19.1% reported Patient Health Questionnaire scores ≥10 (indicating moderate/severe depression); and 24.8% reported CAGE scores ≥2 (indicating alcohol dependence).
The outcomes (i) change in CES-D scores from baseline; (ii) depression defined as CES-D ≥16; (iii) severe depression defined as CES-D ≥21; and (iv) CES-D cutoff scores and/or on antidepressant were used.
At baseline, the odds of severe fatigue significantly increased for patients with higher level of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), whereas patients with higher levels of IL-1Ra, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, interferon-γ, transforming growth factor α, and vascular endothelial growth factor had higher odds of severe depression.
At baseline, the odds of severe fatigue significantly increased for patients with higher level of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), whereas patients with higher levels of IL-1Ra, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, interferon-γ, transforming growth factor α, and vascular endothelial growth factor had higher odds of severe depression.
Fifty-two (85%) out of 61 eligible Oklahoma Registry patients who had recovered from TTP, documented by ADAMTS13 activity <10%, have had at least one (median, four) evaluation for depression over 11 years using the Beck Depression Inventory-II; 31 (59%) patients screened positive for depression at least once; in 15 (29%), the results suggested severe depression at least once.
Also in line with hypotheses, the -511C allele in IL1β, previously associated with higher IL-1β expression, was associated with more severe depression following chronic interpersonal stress exposure, relative to T/T homozygotes.
Our data also suggest that a genetic variant in NOS1AP may increase the susceptibility to severe depression in patients with PTSD and increased risk for suicide.
The association between oestrogen receptor α and β (ER-α and ER-β) polymorphisms with severe depression was examined in 6017 community-dwelling elderly people using multivariate logistic regression.
Preliminary results from the ongoing sample (110 patients with sporadic AD and 130 nonpsychiatric controls) showed no association between IL1A variants and AD, however C/T heterozygotes had more severe depression in AD (Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia) compared to other genotypes (F = 4.56, d.f = 1, p = 0.037) after controlling for age, illness duration and cognitive impairment (MMSE).
Moreover, after stratification based on depression severity in postmenopausal women, we found that the MTHFR TT genotype displayed a 4.831-fold increased risk of moderate and severe depression (95% CI=1.975-11.820, P=0.0008).