As an illustration, colorimetric responses were obtained for lung cancer associated miRNA sequence (mir21) in human plasma, with a detection limit of 10 nM, illustrating the feasibility of proposed methodology for clinical applications without involving sophisticated instrumentation.
Lung cancer is the most common solid tumor and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. miR-21 is one of the most commonly observed aberrant miRNAs in human cancers.
Herein, we develop an isothermal miRNA detection platform based on the highly efficient, multiple primer-mediated rolling circle amplification method coupled with a graphene oxide-based fluorescence (MPRCA-GO) assay, using lung cancer-associated miRNAs (miR-21 and miR-210) and a reference miRNA (miR-16) as model targets.
These results indicate that microRNAs show promising associations with prognosis in lung cancer; moreover, specific microRNAs such as miR-21 and miR-155 can predict recurrence and poor survival in NSCLC.
As a proof of concept, the proposed methodology is validated using two biomarkers; lung cancer associated microRNA (mir21) and hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV-DNA).
In addition, 4 microRNAs were investigated (miRNA 21, miRNA 155, miRNA 200c, and miRNA 34a) because their relation to lung cancer has been documented recently.
Increased miR-21-5p delivery by MSC-EV after hypoxia pre-challenge can promote lung cancer development by reducing apoptosis and promoting macrophage M2 polarization.
PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Knowledge (ISI), the Cochrane Library, Scopus, BioMed Central, Science Direct, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan Fang data and Technology of Chongqing (VIP) databases were searched to identify studies in English and Chinese that assessed the diagnostic value of serum miR-21 for lung carcinoma, from inception to 9 April 2014.
Systemic delivery of LNA-anti-miR-21 in combination with cisplatin in vivo completely suppressed the development of lung tumors in a mouse model of lung cancer.
By monitoring the SERS signal quenching of the MBs in the presence of target miRNA biomarkers, three lung cancer related-miRNAs (miRNA-21, miRNA-486, and miRNA-375) in buffer and human serum were simultaneously assayed using the SERS sensor array, and the limits of detection of the three miRNAs in human serum are 393 aM, 176 aM, and 144 aM, respectively.
In the study, migration and invasion assays, apoptosis assay, caspase activity assay, TUNEL staining, real time PCR and western blot were used to investigate the mechanism of ASPP2 regulated by miR-21 in lung cancer in vitro and in vivo.
PHF8 promotes miR-21 expression in human lung cancer, and miR-21 knockdown blocks the effects of PHF8 on proliferation and apoptosis of lung cancer cells.
In summary, our data demonstrate that growth conditions especially expected in more malignant tumors result in microRNA-21 upregulation explaining the observed increase in higher staged lung cancer tissue, but not in lung cancer-derived cells.
We utilize transgenic mice with loss-of-function and gain-of-function miR-21 alleles combined with a model of NSCLC to determine the role of miR-21 in lung cancer.
The AUC of miR-21 in the diagnosis of undifferentiated lung cancer was 0.923; the sensitivity was 86.20%; the specificity was 76.19% and the cut off was 3.89.
In the first experiment, three miRNAs, proposed in the literature as lung cancer biomarkers (miR-21, miR-126 and let-7a), were analyzed in a set of 15 human serum samples.