To determine the predictive and prognostic roles of three blood-based biomarkers: circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumour cells (CTC) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), in patients with advanced epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated (EGFR+) lung cancer.
A combined assay using both ADAM8 and carcinoembryonic antigen increased sensitivity because 80% of the lung cancer patients were then diagnosed as positive, whereas only 11% of 72 healthy volunteers were falsely diagnosed as positive.
The authors built a model for lung cancer diagnosis previously based on the blood biomarkers progastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), and cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1).
The sensitivities of those markers for lung cancer detection were respectively 39.0%, 53.7%, and 34.1% at 94.9% specificity, and the cutoff levels at those sensitivities and specificities were 4.5 ng/mL for CYFRA 21-1, 5.4 ng/mL for CEA, and 2.7 U/mL for anti-p53.
A classification rule based on EGF, sCD26, Calprotectin and CEA was established, able to reasonably discriminate lung cancer with 97% sensitivity and 43% specificity in the training set, and 91.7% sensitivity and 45.4% specificity in the validation set.
Assay of multiple serum tumor markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen (CYFRA21-1), and neuron specific enolase (NSE), is important for the early diagnosis of lung cancer.
Moreover, patients with lung fibrosis, pancreatic cancer, uremia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, colon cancer, Alzheimer's disease, rectum cancer, and lung cancer had highest media levels of serum CEA in a descending order.
At 90% specificity, the panel of MIC-1, Cyfra21-1, CA125 and CEA provided 89.5% sensitivity for early diagnosis of lung cancer, which could be used to concentrate the high-risk subjects for further LDCT screening.
Numerous potential DNA biomarkers such as hypermethylations of the promoters and mutations in K-ras, p53, and protein biomarkers; carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CYFRA21-1, plasma kallikrein B1 (KLKB1), Neuron-specific enolase, etc. have been discovered as lung cancer biomarkers.
CEA mRNA was detected together with NCA mRNA in nine cultured cell lines, with the exception of the lung carcinoma A549 cell line, and in 19 colon tissue specimens, including carcinomas, adjacent noninvaded tissues and adenomas.
Serum levels of SCC, Cyfra21-1, and CEA are markedly increased with increasing urinary albumin excretion, which affects the specificity for diagnosis for lung cancer.
While CEA protein concentrations in lung cell lines were similar to those present in G1 cell lines, the ratio of NCA:CEA RNA was significantly higher in lung cancer lines than in colorectal lines.
Effect of preoperative infusion chemotherapy combined with hyperthermia on sPD-L1 and CEA levels and overall survival of elderly patients undergoing radical resection of lung cancer.
The roles of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragments (CYFRA21-1) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in metastases occurrence and poor diagnosis in specific histological classifications of lung cancer need further exploring.