Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major cause of acute liver failure (ALF), where hepatocyte necrotic products trigger liver inflammation, release of CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) ligands (IL-8) and other neutrophil chemotactic molecules.
An integrated score calculated from the levels of S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9), IL-1β, and IL-8 more precisely determined the DILI risks than individual gene expression did.