Importantly, recent advances to causally treat HCM by repairing MYBPC3 mutations by gene therapy are discussed here, providing a promising alternative to heart transplantation for patients with a fatal form of neonatal cardiomyopathy due to bi-allelic truncating MYBPC3 mutations.
A naturally occurring R9C mutation of phospholamban (PLB) triggers cardiomyopathy and premature death by altering regulation of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase (SERCA).
This work demonstrates that high levels of cardiac dystrophin restored by Pip peptide-AOs prevents further deterioration of cardiomyopathy and pathology following exercise in dystrophic DMD mice.
With more than 200 mutations in the cMyBP-C gene directly linked to the development of cardiomyopathy and heart failure, cMyBP-C clearly plays a critical role in heart function.
The pathogenic phospholambanR14del mutation causes dilated and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathies and is associated with an increased risk of malignant ventricular arrhythmias and end-stage heart failure.
In PLNp.Arg14del mutation associated cardiomyopathy, myocardial fibrosis is predominantly present in the left posterolateral wall and to a lesser extent in the right ventricular wall, whereas fatty changes are more pronounced in the right ventricular wall.
However, 2.5-7.8% of them may present muscle symptoms and cardiomyopathy, attributed to a reduced production of dystrophin, probably because of skewed patterns of X-chromosome inactivation (XCI).
Mutations in troponin T (TNNT2) gene represent the important part of currently identified disease-causing mutations in hypertrophic (HCM) and dilated (DCM) cardiomyopathy.
Mutations of the dystrophin gene leading to a complete loss of the protein cause Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), frequently associated with severe cardiomyopathy.
Although mdx mice are deficient in dystrophin, they only develop mild indicators of cardiomyopathy before 1year-of-age, making therapeutic investigations using this model lengthy.
Phospholamban R14del mutation in patients diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy or arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: evidence supporting the concept of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy.
PhospholambanR14del mutation in patients diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy or arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: evidence supporting the concept of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy.
Phospholamban R14del mutation in patients diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy or arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: evidence supporting the concept of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy.
A founder mutation arising at about the 10th century in the MYBPC3 gene accounts for 8.4% of all HCM in center east France and results in a cardiomyopathy starting late and evolving slowly but with an apparent risk of sudden death similar to other sarcomeric mutations.
We identified known and predicted pathogenic variation in MYBPC3 and MYH7 at a higher frequency than what would be expected based on the known prevalence of cardiomyopathy.
Among the most prevalent of these are mutations that affect thick filament binding proteins, including the myosin essential and regulatory light chains and cardiac myosin binding protein (cMyBP)-C. However, despite the frequency with which myosin binding proteins, especially cMyBP-C, have been linked to inherited cardiomyopathies, the functional consequences of mutations in these proteins and the mechanisms by which they cause disease are still only partly understood.