In addition, copeptin improved the prognostic value of the ABCD2 (age, blood pressure, clinical features of transient ischemic attack, duration of symptoms and presence of diabetes mellitus) score for a recurrent cerebrovascular event in transient ischemic attack.
We conducted analyses of the effects of ACE inhibitor therapy on pneumonia in 6,105 patients with a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack enrolled in a randomized trial conducted in Australasia, Europe, and Asia.
ApoE alleles do not exert a major influence on the development of microbleeds, but apoE epsilon2 may be associated with development of moderate to severe white matter disease in transient ischemic attack and stroke patients.
Copeptin seems to be a promising independent biomarker for predicting the functional outcome and all-cause mortality within 3 months or 1 year after acute ischemic stroke, and it could also be a powerful tool for early risk stratification for patients with transient ischemic attack.
Overexpression of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase in transgenic mice protects against neuronal cell death after transient focal ischemia by blocking activation of the Bad cell death signaling pathway.
Furthermore, TUNEL-positive CA1 pyramidal neurons were found at 5 days after TCI with increased expression levels of Bax, PUMA, and activated caspase-3.
The IRIS trial (Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke) demonstrated that pioglitazone decreased the composite risk for fatal or nonfatal stroke and MI in patients with insulin resistance without diabetes mellitus, after a recent ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack.
The IRIS trial (Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke) demonstrated that pioglitazone reduced the risk for a composite outcome of stroke or myocardial infarction among nondiabetic patients with insulin resistance and a recent stroke or transient ischemic attack.
Methods- IRIS was a randomized placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone that enrolled patients with insulin resistance but without diabetes mellitus within 180 days of an ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack.
These results suggest that long-term treadmill exercise improves memory impairment through the restoration of decreased SynCAM 1/2/3 expression in the hippocampus induced by transient cerebral ischemia in the aged gerbil.
In addition, SynCAM 1/2/3 and SynCAM 2 expression in the hippocampus was significantly decreased in the sedentary group after transient cerebral ischemia; however, SynCAM 1/2/3 expressionand and SynCAM 2 protein level was significantly increased in the ischemic group with exercise.
These findings suggest that ischemic preconditioning can attenuate transient cerebral ischemia-caused damage to the pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area through maintaining calbindin D28k immunoreactivity.
In the present study, gerbils were orally pre‑treated with CIL, and changes of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1 and SOD2, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in the hippocampal CA1 region following 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia were investigated and the neuroprotective effect of CIL in the ischemic CA1 region was examined.