In this review we describe the general biological characteristics of ICAM-1, its association with HIV disease progression and promotion of HIV production, mechanisms inducing upregulation of ICAM-1, and possible intervention strategies, representing important insights in the context of HIV treatment.
A formula to predict HIV disease progression using a combination panel comprising CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 was developed, where risk score = 0.007 × CXCL9 + 0.004 × CXCL10 - 0.033 × CXCL11 - 1.724, with risk score values higher than the cutoff threshold (0.5211) indicating more rapid HIV disease progression.
B cells from HIV-infected subjects also express heightened levels of FcRL4 and secrete high levels of IL-6: a critical mediator of HIV disease progression.
Collectively, the experimental results allow us to draw the conclusion that NKG2C<sup>+</sup> NK cells might exert an antiviral effect and that the proportion of NKG2C<sup>+</sup>NKG2A<sup>-</sup> NK cells, and the ratio of NKG2C/NKG2A, are potential biomarkers for predicting HIV disease progression.
B cells from HIV-infected subjects also express heightened levels of FcRL4 and secrete high levels of IL-6: a critical mediator of HIV disease progression.
Chemokine receptor type 6 (CCR6)⁺CD4⁺ T cells are preferentially infected and depleted during HIV disease progression, but are preserved in non-progressors.
The CD4+ T helper cytokines interleukin (IL)-21 and IL-17A are associated with virus control and inflammation, respectively, both important in HCV and HIV disease progression.
Thus, a combination of genetic variations in IFN-γ and IL-10 cytokine genes in a single host associate with HIV disease progression and may help clinicians to better manage the HIV disease if known earlier.
Thus, a combination of genetic variations in IFN-γ and IL-10 cytokine genes in a single host associate with HIV disease progression and may help clinicians to better manage the HIV disease if known earlier.
We conclude that CYP2B6 c.516G>T and CYP2B6 c.983T>C could be important sources of nevirapine pharmacokinetic variability that could be considered for dosage optimization, while CYP1A2 g.-163C>A seems to be associated with HIV disease progression.
The objective of this study is to identify human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genotypes associated with different risks for HIV acquisition and HIV disease progression.
We conclude that CYP2B6 c.516G>T and CYP2B6 c.983T>C could be important sources of nevirapine pharmacokinetic variability that could be considered for dosage optimization, while CYP1A2 g.-163C>A seems to be associated with HIV disease progression.
The objective of this study is to identify human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genotypes associated with different risks for HIV acquisition and HIV disease progression.
GBV-C status (GBV-C RNA positive, antibodies against GBV-C envelope protein E2 or no evidence of GBV-C exposure) had been determined at enrolment, with several markers of HIV disease progression (such as viral load and CD4 cell count) being collated from 1993/1994, 2000 and 2012.
GBV-C status (GBV-C RNA positive, antibodies against GBV-C envelope protein E2 or no evidence of GBV-C exposure) had been determined at enrolment, with several markers of HIV disease progression (such as viral load and CD4 cell count) being collated from 1993/1994, 2000 and 2012.