Four miRs are proposed as <i>presurgical</i> urinary biomarkers due to their known regulatory mechanism in oncocytoma: miR-498 (formation of the oncocytoma-specific slice-form of vimentin, Vim3), miR-183 (associated with increased CO<sub>2</sub> levels), miR-205, and miR-31 (signaling through downregulation of PKC epsilon, shown previously).