A frameshift mutation in the human apolipoprotein A-I gene causes high density lipoprotein deficiency, partial lecithin: cholesterol-acyltransferase deficiency, and corneal opacities.
A large number of ABC proteins have been causatively linked to rare and common human genetic diseases including familial high-density lipoprotein deficiency, retinopathies, cystic fibrosis, diabetes and cardiomyopathies.
Direct sequencing of all coding regions and splice site junctions of other HDL candidate genes revealed no additional mutations, indicating that combined defective ABCA1 alleles may result in familial HDL deficiency.
In order to know the molecular basis for FHD, we characterized three different ABCA1 mutations associated with FHD (G1158A/A255T, C5946T/R1851X, and A5226G/N1611D) with respect to their expression in the passaged fibroblasts from the patients and in the cells transfected with the mutated cDNAs.
Loss-of-function mutations of the the ATP-binding cassette-1 (<i>ABCA1</i>) gene are the cause of Tangier disease (TD) in homozygous subjects and familial HDL deficiency (FHD) in heterozygous subjects.
Mutations in ABCA1 cause severe HDL deficiency syndromes called Tangier disease and familial high-density lipoprotein deficiency, which are characterized by a severe deficiency or absence of high-density lipoprotein in the plasma.
Mutations of the <i>FH</i> gene have been associated with fumarate hydratase deficiency (FHD), hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC), and other diseases.
The NIPSNAP3 and NIPSNAP4 genes are located in close proximity to the 3' end of the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), whose mutations cause familial high-density lipoprotein deficiency syndromes.