Furthermore, the enhanced expressions of TLR4 and p-p65 were also detected in plantar tissues around the incision, which was observed starting at 2 h and lasting until the third day after surgery.Prior intrathecal (i.t.) injections of TAK-242 (a TLR4-specific antagonist) or 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole-dihydrochloride (PDTC, a nuclear factor-kappa B activation inhibitor) dose dependently alleviated plantar incision-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia and inhibited the increased expressions of p-p65, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1 beta in DRG.
Intrathecal delivery of ghrelin effectively ameliorated CCI-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia at 7 and 14 days and reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α.
Mechanical hyperalgesia was evaluated weekly and serum cortisol and muscle IL-6 and TNF concentrations were assessed after three weeks of interventions.
This study confirmed that TNFα rather than TNFα mediated neuropathic manifestation through the Ret receptor, specifically mechanical allodynia in RTX neuropathy.
Intraperitoneal administration of PII remarkably reversed the CCI-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia and reduced the mRNA and protein levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the spinal cord.
The present results suggested that TNF-α could sensitize TRPV1 by promoting its expression, thus leading to mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in vincristine-treated rats.
The side that received treatment had lower concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β in the sciatic nerve branches and sciatic nerve trunk; this result may have been related to the alleviation of mechanical allodynia.
Furthermore, targeting Y<sub>382-384</sub> suppressed P2X7R-mediated release of cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha and blocked the adoptive transfer of mechanical allodynia caused by intrathecal injection of P2X7R-stimulated microglia.
Intrathecal TNF soluble receptor I (functionally blocking TNFα bioactivity) or knockdown of TNFRI using antisense oligodeoxynucleotide against TNFRI reduced mechanical allodynia, and decreased mtO<sub>2</sub><sup>·-</sup>, pCREB and pC/EBPβ.
Leishmania amazonensis-induced chronic inflammation with significant increase in mechanical hyperalgesia, MPO and NAG activity, and IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 production in the paw skin.Glucantime (10 mg/kg, i.p.) inhibited L. amazonensis-induced mechanical hyperalgesia and IL-1β and IL-6 cytokines productions.
The control of the inflammatory response and mechanical hyperalgesia by mangiferin depends on the inhibition of TNF-α production/release and the CINC1/epinephrine/PKA pathway, supporting its marked inhibition of inflammatory mechanical hyperalgesia.
Additionally, mRNA levels of inflammation related molecules including IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and CD16, were increased after cisplatin treatment.Intraperitoneal (i.p.) or intrathecal (i.t.) injection with minocycline both alleviated cisplatin-induced mechanical allodynia and sensory deficits, and prevented IENFs loss.
Intrathecal injection of TNF antagonist Etanercept could also inhibit the mechanical allodynia and the increased ERK phosphorylation in L3 DRG induced by SMIR.
It was observed that the levels of TNF-α mRNA in the spinal cord were significantly higher in tumor-bearing mice 10 days post-inoculation, which was accompanied by increases in spontaneous flinching, mechanical hyperalgesia and thermal hyperalgesia, relative to control mice.
Both PTD-OH and PTD-NO inhibited at similar extent the mechanical allodynia, neutrophil recruitment to the synovial cavity and periarticular tissue and TNF-α and CXCL-1 production induced by intra-articular challenge with mBSA in immunized mice.
These findings suggest that signaling cascades resulting from the production of TNFα by infiltrated macrophages in the TG contributes to the development of ectopic mechanical allodynia in whisker pad skin following IANX.
Spinal blocking EphB1 receptor activation in the late phase after STZ injection significantly suppressed the established mechanical allodynia as well as activation of the astrocytes and microglial cells and activity of TNF-α and IL-1β.
Female mice displayed significantly earlier and higher mechanical allodynia in the ischemic hind paw, which was associated with higher serum levels of IL-2, TNF-α, isoprostanes, 8 OhdG, and malondialdehyde at day 2 after reperfusion.
Intrathecal short-hairpin RNA (shRNA)-IRF3 attenuated mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in CCI rats, as well as inhibited the production of TNF-α and IL-1β in the DRG of CCI rats.
Photobiomodulation reversed Bmv-induced mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia and decreased Fos expression, induced by Bmv as well as the mRNA levels of IL-6, TNF-α and B1 and B2 kinin receptors.
CT administration produced a significantly reduction (p<0.05) in the mechanical hyperalgesia induced by CG, TNF-α, PGE2 and DA when compared with control group.