The association between vitamin D receptor (<i>VDR</i>) polymorphisms (rs731236, rs1544410, rs2228570, and rs7975232) and the risk of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) had been investigated in previous studies.
As VDR gene polymorphisms were found to associate with AITD, the evidence links vitamin D deficiency to AITD either through gene polymorphism or by environmental factors (lack of dietary uptake and sun exposure).
In conclusion, genetic differences in the VDR gene may be involved in the development of AITD and the activity of GD, whereas the genetic differences in the GC and CYP2R1 genes may be involved with the intractability of GD.