In the case control study (1152 patients vs 1242 controls), we observed significant increase in HCC susceptibility in hepatitis B virus carriers associated with a nonsynonymous Thr83Ala variant of FOXA1 (odds ratio [OR], 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-1.48, for Ala83-containing genotype, after validation in an independent population with 933 patients vs 1030 controls), a tightly linked (CGC)5/6or7 repeat polymorphism at its promoter (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.10-1.60, for (CGC)6or7-repeat-containing genotype), and their combined haplotype (OR 1.50; 95% CI 1.24-1.81, for (CGC)6or7-Ala83 haplotype).