The stemness of PCSC/GCSC pairs obtained from four human GBM surgical specimens was investigated by comparing the expression of specific stem cell markers such as Nestin, Musashi-1 and SOX2.
Gold nanorods (AuNRs) functionalized with an engineered, modular peptide that recognizes Nestin (NesPEG-AuNRs) were used to target the models of solid tumors originated from human GBM CSC multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS).
Here, we performed expression analyses of stem cell (ABCG2, CD44, CD95, CD133, ELF4, Nanog, and Nestin) as well as differentiation and microglia markers (GFAP, Iba1, and Sparc) in GBM compared to nonmalignant brain.
In conclusion, our results describe in detail GBM-derived and cultured cells that meet the criteria for MSCs but at the same time express Nestin and GFAP.
Coculture of GAMs (and GAM-derived exosomes) and GBM cell lines increased GBM cells' resistance against temozolomide (TMZ) by upregulating the prosurvival gene programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4) and stemness markers SRY (sex determining region y)-box 2 (Sox2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Nestin, and miR-21-5p and increasing the M2 cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1) secreted by GBM cells, promoting the M2 polarization of GAMs.