The main chemokines involved in oral carcinogenesis, tumor invasion and metastasis are CCR4, CCR5, CCR7 and CXCR4, and our aim was to evaluate the prognostic value of the immunoexpression of these chemokines in SCC of tongue and floor of the mouth.
These findings suggest that CCR4 may be a potential new diagnostic and prognostic marker in HCC, and targeting CCR4 may be a potential therapeutic option for blocking HCC metastasis.
In this study, using orthotopic metastasis assays and genetically engineered mouse models, we show that one of the enzymatic subunits of the CCR4-NOT complex, Cnot7, is also a metastasis modifying gene.
HNSCC with high expression of Myo1b and chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4), another metastasis-associated molecule, was strongly associated with lymph node metastasis.
Moreover, we found that the expression of CCR4 is significantly higher in paired clinical specimens of melanoma metastases than in samples of primary tumors from the same patients.
Univariate analysis showed that tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and CCR4 were influential factors for poor prognosis in ccRCC patients; multivariate analysis revealed that CCR4 (P = 0.007) was the only independent risk factor for prognosis.
In addition, a human lung cancer cell line SBC-5 that efficiently metastasized to bone when intravenously injected into NK cell-depleted SCID mice was found to express CCR4.