Recent studies reported that expression of IL-29 is dysregulated in inflammatory autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, osteoarthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, psoriasis and systemic sclerosis.
Serum IFN-λ1 levels were higher in SLE patients with renal involvement and arthritis compared with patients without the above-mentioned manifestations.
Our findings suggest that patients with primary APS (PAPS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)/APS displayed increased type I IFN scores but decreased IFNλ1 gene expression levels compared to healthy individuals, as assessed with real-time qPCR analysis in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).