Additionally, although TGF-b1, TNF-a, and g-IFN all have anti-proliferative actions on RCC in vitro, they were found to have different effects in altering jun expressions.
Five copies of the hypoxia-response element (HRE) sequences were inserted upstream of the IFN-α2b gene, and the construct was transfected into human RCC cell lines ACHN, 786-O and KU19-20.
In addition, in response to IFNα, the exponential growth of RCC-pVHL was inhibited more than that of RCC-pE cells, indicating that VHL mutations may be involved in IFNα resistance.
The local production of high concentrations of IL-2 and IFN-a at the tumor site may directly alter tumor properties associated with invasive and metastatic phenotypes of RCC.
We explored the safety and preliminary antitumor activity of pembrolizumab combined with either ipilimumab or PEG-IFN in patients with advanced melanoma or RCC.<b>Experimental Design:</b> The phase Ib KEYNOTE-029 study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02089685) included independent pembrolizumab plus reduced-dose ipilimumab and pembrolizumab plus PEG-IFN cohorts.