We assessed diabetes risk associated with zinc transporter-8 antibodies (ZnT8A), islet cell antibodies (ICA), and HLA type and age in relatives of people with type 1 diabetes with the standard biochemical autoantibodies (BAA) to insulin (IAA), GAD65 (GAD65A), and/or insulinoma-associated protein 2 antigen (IA-2A).
Associations between ZnT8 antibody (ZnT8A), phenotype and the genetic variant rs13266634 in the SLC30A8 gene have primarily been studied in patients with young-onset diabetes.
In this review, we summarize the structure, feature, functions, and polymorphisms of ZnT8 along with its association with diabetes and explore future study directions.
The majority of multiple-autoAb<sup>+</sup> individuals progress to diabetes within 20 years; this occurs more rapidly in the presence of IA-2A or ZnT8A, regardless of age, <i>HLA-DQ</i> genotype, and number of autoAbs.