|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
group |
BEFREE |
In contrast, none of the 72 conventional aggressive high-grade serous carcinomas analyzed contained the BRAF codon 599 mutation or either of the two KRAS mutations.
|
12644542 |
2003 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
group |
BEFREE |
The prevalence of the BRAF(V599E) mutation in PTC is the highest reported to date in human carcinomas, being only exceeded by melanoma.
|
12881714 |
2003 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
group |
BEFREE |
Among the KRAS2/BRAF wild-type carcinomas, no mutations within pathway members MEK1, MEK2, ERK1, ERK2, RAP1B, or BAD were found.
|
14507635 |
2003 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
group |
BEFREE |
BRAF mutations were detected exclusively in papillary carcinomas (40 in 76 cases: 53%), and were exclusively V599E, a mutation frequently observed in other carcinomas.
|
14508525 |
2003 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
group |
BEFREE |
Overall, we detected BRAF mutations in seven stomach carcinomas (2.2%).
|
14534542 |
2003 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
group |
BEFREE |
In this study, we analyzed 320 thyroid tumors and six anaplastic carcinoma cell lines and detected BRAF mutations in 45 (38%) papillary carcinomas, two (13%) poorly-differentiated carcinomas, three (10%) anaplastic carcinomas, and five (83%) thyroid anaplastic carcinoma cell lines but not in follicular, Hürthle cell, and medullary carcinomas, follicular and Hürthle cell adenomas, or benign hyperplastic nodules.
|
14602780 |
2003 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
group |
BEFREE |
The finding that at least 60% of serous borderline tumours harbour mutations in two members of the ERK-MAP-kinase pathway (BRAF 36%, KRAS 30%) compared with 12% of high-grade serous carcinomas (BRAF 0%, KRAS 12%) indicates that the majority of serous borderline tumours do not progress to serous carcinomas.
|
14991899 |
2004 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
group |
BEFREE |
BRAF mutations typical of papillary thyroid carcinoma are more frequently detected in undifferentiated than in insular and insular-like poorly differentiated carcinomas.
|
15095090 |
2004 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
group |
BEFREE |
In FNA samples grouped according to the preoperative cytologic findings (malignant, n = 25; benign, n = 11; and indeterminate, n = 55), a BRAF mutation confirmed the diagnosis of PTC in 72% of carcinomas within the malignant group, and it established the diagnosis of PTC in 16% of carcinomas within the indeterminate group.
|
15102681 |
2004 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
group |
BEFREE |
The application of mutation analysis of the KRAS and BRAF genes (members of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK-MAP kinase pathway) is consistent with the model for progression of mucinous carcinomas and a subset of serous carcinomas (the so-called low-grade serous carcinomas) through benign and borderline lesions.
|
15141374 |
2004 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
group |
BEFREE |
B-raf gene mutations seem to be a quite common event in gallbladder carcinomas, implying that B-raf may play an important role in the pathogenesis of this tumor.
|
15221372 |
2004 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
group |
BEFREE |
Unlike adult PTCs, we could detect no positive association between BRAF(T1796A) mutations and clinical parameters in the childhood carcinomas, suggesting that a low prevalence of BRAF(T1796A) is a common feature of PTCs in children regardless of radiation exposure levels.
|
15356022 |
2004 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
group |
BEFREE |
Active MAPK was present in all of the 19 low-grade tumors with either KRAS or BRAF mutations as well as in 14 (41%) of 34 tumors with wild-type KRAS and BRAF in both low- and high-grade carcinomas.
|
15475429 |
2004 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
group |
BEFREE |
The BRAF gene has been recently found to be mutated in human carcinomas, predominantly in malignant melanoma.
|
15515191 |
2004 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
group |
BEFREE |
The molecular genetic findings confirm our hypothesis of dual pathways of serous carcinogenesis based on previous analyses of KRAS and BRAF mutations on the same set of cases in which KRAS and BRAF mutations were found in 60% of SBTs and low-grade serous carcinoma but not in high-grade serous carcinomas.
|
15644779 |
2005 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
group |
BEFREE |
In contrast, BRAF mutation was present in 43% of HPs (P = 0.01 versus sporadic HPs), 75% of serrated adenomas, 33% of admixed hyperplastic-adenomatous polyps, 30% of tubular adenomas, and 33% of carcinomas from patients with multiple/large HPs and/or hyperplastic polyposis.
|
15793287 |
2005 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
group |
BEFREE |
BRAF mutations are found in many human tumors, namely melanomas ( approximately 70%) and colon carcinomas ( approximately 15%).
|
15948220 |
2005 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
group |
BEFREE |
In colorectal carcinoma, PIK3CA mutations occur preferentially together with activating KRAS-BRAF mutations (MSI and MSS) while in gastric carcinomas PIK3CA mutations tend to occur as isolated events (MSI).
|
15994075 |
2005 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
group |
BEFREE |
Further, we demonstrate that MSI sporadic CRCs accumulated significantly more epigenetic/genetic alterations in RASSF1A, KRAS/BRAF than MSI sporadic gastric or HNPCC carcinomas (P=0.016).
|
16007118 |
2005 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
group |
BEFREE |
Of the 97 carcinomas and 9 hyperplasias, 20 (21%) and 1 (11%) had BRAF mutations, most of them at previously unreported sites.
|
16144912 |
2005 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
group |
BEFREE |
No mutations of BRAF were detected in the normal thyroid tissues, nor in follicular adenomas or follicular carcinomas.
|
16452550 |
2006 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
group |
BEFREE |
The B-Raf gene was mutated with a T-->A transversion at nucleotide 1799 (V600E) in 8 of 10 differentiated PTC, and in 4 of 7 aggressive carcinomas.
|
16676402 |
2006 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
group |
BEFREE |
Unlike mutations in ERBB2, KRAS and BRAF which are mutually exclusive in SBTs, coamplification of PIK3CA and AKT2 was present in five high-grade carcinomas including the OVCAR3 cells.
|
16721043 |
2006 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
group |
BEFREE |
92 cases (92%), including all serous carcinomas (100%), did not show a mutation of BRAF.
|
16806438 |
2006 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
group |
BEFREE |
The frequency of KRAS and/or BRAF mutations was higher in LN metastases than in primary carcinomas (P=0.0002).
|
16953233 |
2007 |