Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)- and eicosapentaenoic-acid-derived SPMs are identified in the adipose tissue but the levels of certain SPMs (e.g., protectin D1) are markedly reduced with obesity, suggesting adipose SPM deficiency, potentially resulting in unresolved inflammation.
Sensitivity was strong (>70%) for all age- and sex-specific cut-points, with optimal cut-points in 8- to 12-year-olds for obesity identified as 39 mL•kg-1•min-1 (laps: 15; speed: 9.0 km/h) and 41 mL•kg-1•min-1 (laps: 15-17; speed: 9.0 km/h) for girls and boys, respectively.
This review covers the bioactions, G-coupled protein receptors pharmacology, biosynthesis, and medicinal chemistry of the PD family of specialized pro-resolving mediators with an emphasis on obesity and anti-diabetic effects.
Blood samples were obtained from women with obesity before and after three-months supplementation with a moderate dose of n-3 PUFAs (1.8g EPA+DHA per day) or from controls. n-3 PUFAs (GC) and plasma concentrations of lipoxins, resolvins, protectin X (GC-MS/MS) and inflammatory markers (ELISA) were measured.
Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained from lean, control and obese, T2D subjects under basal and after a 2-h hyperinsulinemic (40 mU·m(-2)·min(-1))-euglycemic (5 mM) clamp.
Nine lean (L) and 9 obese (OB), but otherwise healthy males were studied in the fasting state and during a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp (40 mU/m2 * min(-1)).
The study included 66 women (ages 57 +/- 1 years) who were overweight or obese (means +/- SEM, BMI = 33 +/- 1 kg/m(2)) and sedentary (VO(2max) = 19.6 +/- 0.4 ml. kg(-1). min(1)).
Analysis of variance showed, however, a significant interaction between obesity (body-mass index > or = 25 kg/m2) and the heterozygous form of the codon-972 variant (p < 0.003); obese polymorphism carriers had lower insulin sensitivity than obese non-carriers (mean 6.0 [SD 3.3] vs 12.3 [9.5] x 10(-5) L min-1 pmol-1).