<b>Purpose:</b> Insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF-1R) is critically involved in pancreatic cancer pathophysiology, promoting cancer cell survival and therapeutic resistance.
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in triple-negative (TN) breast tumors skew heterogeneous cancer cell populations toward a predominance of clones that thrive on the CAF-derived factors CXCL12 and IGF1.
IGF-I-(CA) repeats have been previously analysed in few types of cancer and the results, although discordant in different studies, showed possible associations between cancer and IGF-I(CA)(19) repeats.
IGF-1 induces the tumorigenicity of many types of cancer cells and is critical for metastatic cell spread in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast-cancer cells.
IGF-1 is one of the key molecules in cancer biology; however, little is known about the role of the preferential expression of the premature IGF-1 isoforms in prostate cancer.
IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and integrin cooperative signaling promotes cancer cell survival, proliferation, and motility, but whether this influences cancer progression and therapy responses is largely unknown.
A 'Mendelian randomization' approach based on large-scale gene association and prospective observational studies might help determine the possible causal role of IGF-I and its binding proteins in the aetiology of type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease and cancer.
A (CA)19 repeat polymorphism in the promoter region of IGF-I gene that may affect transcription activity has been implicated as a risk factor for cancer, but individual studies have been inconclusive or controversial.
Accumulation of damage on DNA and telomeres cause both aging and cancer, moreover the signalling pathways seem to converge on tumour suppressor protein, p53, which seems to be regulated by vitamin D. Also, the insulin-like growth factor signalling pathway (IGF-1, IGFBPs, IGFR) and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) regulate growth, aging and cancer.
Activation of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) by IGF-1 is associated with the risk and progression of many types of cancer, although despite this it remains unclear how activated IGF-1R contributes to cancer progression.
Activation of the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) regulates several aspects of the malignant phenotype, including cancer cell proliferation and metastasis.