Adjusted analyses revealed that men with low but not high IGF-I levels had an almost 2-fold higher risk of all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 1.92 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35; 2.73)], CVD mortality [HR 1.92 (95% CI 1.00; 3.71)], and cancer mortality [HR 1.85 (95% CI 1.00; 3.45)] compared with men with normal IGF-I levels.
Although IGF-I is thought to contribute to cancer by promoting growth and preventing apoptosis, evidence from model organisms suggests that proto-oncogene homologues might contribute to the DNA mutations and chromosomal damage that are observed in tumour cells by increasing DNA damage, in both dividing and non-dividing cells, and involving error-prone systems in DNA repair.
Although the association between IGF1 gene polymorphisms and cancer risk has been evaluated for several carcinomas, this association has not yet been examined for stomach cancer.
Anamorelin hydrochloride is an oral ghrelin receptor agonist for the treatment of cancer anorexia-cachexia that stimulates release of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1, and improves food intake and body weight.
Another important approach in cancer therapy is to inhibit molecular pathways that are crucial for tumor growth and maintenance, such as the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) pathway.
Articles regarding the relationship between IGF1rs5742714, rs6214, and rs6220 polymorphisms and cancer risk were selected by searching the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases before April 30, 2018.
As protein levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) have been reported to be associated with QOL in people with cancer, we sought to identify whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of these genes were associated with QOL in men with prostate cancer.
Assessments of the GH-IGF axis in healthy individuals followed up to assess cancer incidence provide direct evidence of this risk; raised IGF-I levels in blood are associated with a slightly increased risk of some cancers.
Because IGF-I is a paracrine/endocrine hormone that has been associated with increased risk for several types of cancer, these results suggest a novel interrelationship between oncogenic conversion of a cellular gene such as HRAS, and IGF-I produced locally for normal tissue homeostasis.
Besides this salutary actions, GH and its derived peptide insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), main product of the GH/GHR interaction, have been implicated in the genesis of diseases such as cancer and insulin-resistant diabetes.
Binding of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) to its receptor (IGF-1R) initiates downstream signals that activate PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MEK/Erk pathways, which stimulate cancer cell proliferation and induce drug resistance.
Bioavailable IGF-I is potentially important in racial disparities in obesity-related breast and CR cancer risk between postmenopausal AA and white women.
Both overexpression and down-regulation of EGF, IGF-1 and FGF2 was demonstrated in endometrial cancer compared to the adjacent normal specimens; however the main features of cancer were IGF-1 and EGF down-regulation and FGF2 up-regulation.
Both the increase in chromosomal/oxidative DNA damage and the positive association between MN frequency and serum IGF-1 levels may predict an increased risk of malignancy in acromegalic patients.
By KEGG pathways analysis, we found that differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs mainly participated in apoptosis, formation of cancer, proliferation, production of hormones and other related signal pathways. miRNA-gene network analysis indicated that miR-29b-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-29c-3p, miR-1906, miR-182-5p, growth factor receptor bound protein 2-associated protein 2 (Gab2), FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene (Fos), insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1), mannosidase 1, alpha (Man1a) are key miRNAs and genes.
Centenarians appear to be characterised by low IGF-1-mediated responses and high levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-beta, a condition that results in protection from cancer.
Circulating concentrations of IGF-I have also been found to be associated with an increased risk of several cancer types; however, the relationship between pre-diagnostic circulating IGF-I concentrations and bladder cancer has never been studied prospectively.
Circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and its main binding protein, IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), have been associated with risk of several types of cancer.