IL-2, TNF-<i>α</i>, IL-4, and IL-10 levels were significantly elevated (<i>p</i> < 0.005) in patients with secondary DENV infection, whereas the level of IL-13 remained unaltered during both primary and secondary infections.
These findings demonstrate that in patients with dengue, non-classical monocytes are activated, exhibiting a phenotype associated with more differentiation, produces tumor necrosis factor-α and has a profile of less endothelial surveillance closer to the cellular migration.
In addition, CD19<sup>+</sup>CD24<sup>hi</sup>CD38<sup>hi</sup> and CD19<sup>+</sup>CD27<sup>-</sup> B cells from DENV-infected patients did not produce IL-10 or TNF-α upon stimulation <i>in vitro</i>, suggesting their contribution to an altered immune response during DENV infection.
Among the host inflammatory biomarkers, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-15, IL-8, MCP-1, IL-6, MIP-1β, and TNF-α levels were significantly increased in dengue with and without warning signs, in severe dengue patients in comparison to healthy controls.
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), an important inflammatory cytokine, is associated with dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS), a severe pathological manifestation of dengue virus (DENV) infection.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) CPCCs were detected in children with primary or secondary acute dengue virus (DENV) infection, and the pattern of these cytokines was similar to that seen in the supernatant of cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells and partially comparable to that found in plasma.
Combination therapy with anti-TNF antibody and sunitinib significantly reduced vascular leakage and synergized to provide superior protection from lethal DENV infection compared with either agent alone.
Treatment with Abs blocking inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor linked to DENV disease or Abs blocking DENV entry improved survival of DENV-infected mice born to ZIKV-immune mothers.
No difference was observed for the TNF-α (-308) and IL-10 (-819C/T) polymorphisms in the comparisons of hemorrhagic dengue versus control and hemorrhagic dengue versus symptomatic dengue.
The present study investigated the in vitro effect of TNF-α and DENV infection on the expression of adherence junction proteins, tight junction proteins, and membrane integrity of human endothelial cell lines.
This research identifies the association of the IFNG (+874 A/T), TNFA (-308G/A), IL-10 (-819 C/T) genotypes as a factor for protection, susceptibility and severity to dengue.
During dengue virus (DENV) infection, a blockage of secretion of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and members of the interferon (IFN) family has been described in vitro.
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the methylation status of the IFN-γ and TNF-α promoters in DNA extracted from dengue infected patients using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction.
Association of genetic polymorphisms of IL1β -511 C>T, IL1RN VNTR 86 bp, IL6 -174 G>C, IL10 -819 C>T and TNFα -308 G>A, involved in symptomatic patients with dengue in Brazil.
However, while DENV-NS3 specific T cells of those with mild/sub clinical dengue infection were more likely to produce only granzyme B (p=0.02), those who were hospitalized were more likely to produce both TNFα and IFNγ (p=0.03) or TNFα alone.
Under recessive genetic model (C/C vs. T/T+T/C), the TNFrs1799964 C/C genotype was significantly associated with DEN [P=0.014, OR with 95% CI 3.07 (1.18-7.98)].
This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of dengue clinical symptom persistence during 60days of disease follow up, in patients of Espírito Santo state (ES)-Brazil and to evaluate the relation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FcγRIIa, CD209, VDR, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6 and IFN-γ genes with symptom persistence.
The frequency of rs1799964 'C/C' genotype of the TNF gene was found to be significantly higher in all patient groups compared to HCs [HCs vs. DEN, P=0.0054, Pc=0.0162, OR 3.57; HCs vs. DF, P=0.036, OR 2.89; HCs vs. DHF, P=0.0088, Pc=0.0240, OR 5.11].
Next, we performed a meta-analysis retrieving results from the literature for -336G>A DCSIGN and -308G>A TNF SNPs demonstrating that the consensus estimates of these SNPs indicated no association with dengue severity (when compared to Dengue fever) in the overall analysis.