More importantly, xanthatin treatment markedly increased the expression levels of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related markers in both the glioma cell lines as well as in C6 xenografts, including glucose-regulated protein 78, C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), activating factor 4, activating transcription factor 6, spliced X-box binding protein-1, phosphorylated protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, and phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2a.
Our results revealed that XBP1s activation was involved in glioma glycolysis regulation and might be a potential molecular target for glioma treatment.
XBP1 confers an important role in protection against oxidative stress in gliomas, potentially via up-regulation of antioxidant molecules such as catalase.
Expression of XBP1 and antioxidant molecules was also detected in surgically excised specimens from 30 patients with glioma, and 10 normal brain control specimens obtained at autopsy.