Galcanezumab is a humanized immunoglobulin G (IgG) monoclonal antibody (mAb) indicated for the prevention of migraine that binds to calcitonin gene-related peptide.
This is relevant as the recently licensed CGRP antagonists are likely to change current treatment schemes for migraine, which strongly depends also on the comorbidities.
We explored the effects of PD-1 in a migraine model by the von Frey test and by analyzing the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-18 (IL-18), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV4) after the intravenous injection of a PD-1 inhibitor.
Calcitonin gene-related peptide and its receptor, consisting of receptor activity-modifying protein 1 and calcitonin receptor-like receptor, are of considerable interest because of the role they play in migraine and recently developed migraine therapies.
Galcanezumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody binding calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), is effective for migraine prevention with a favorable safety profile.
Fremanezumab is a fully humanized monoclonal antibody that targets calcitonin gene-related peptide, a neuropeptide involved in the pathophysiology of migraine.
The purpose of the following review is to summarize the most recent understanding of migraine pathophysiology, as well as of basic and clinical science pharmacologic literature regarding the development of calcitonin gene receptor peptide (CGRP) antagonists as a novel therapeutic modality for the treatment of migraine headaches.
Correction to: European headache federation guideline on the use of monoclonal antibodies acting on the calcitonin gene related peptide or its receptor for migraine prevention.
<b>Objective:</b> To review the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) inhibitor erenumab for migraine preventive therapy.
We will further discuss the potential role of CGRP in the brainstem and its modulation for migraine therapy, given the emergence of targeted CGRP small molecule and monoclonal antibody therapies.
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a major player in migraine pathophysiology, and CGRP monoclonal antibodies including fremanezumab may be a safe effective preventive therapy.
Thus, erenumab, a monoclonal antibody antagonist of the CGRP receptor, administered as a once monthly dose of 70 or 140 mg has been approved for the preventive treatment of migraine in adults.
In the last 15 years relevant efforts have been made to demonstrate that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonism is a valuable and druggable mechanism for treatment or prevention of migraine.
CLR/RAMP1, or CGRP receptor, antagonists have been developed for the treatment of migraine headache and osteoarthritis pain; whereas CLR/RAMP2, or ADM receptor, antagonists are being developed for the treatment of tumor growth/metastasis.