In addition, heterozygous deletion of the GSTM1 allele was associated with increased susceptibility to NPC, while an SNP in GABBR1 (rs29232, G>A) was associated with decreased risk, and might thus have a protective role on NPC carcinogenesis.
One is the GSTM1 gene which is down-regulated in mice bladder carcinogenesis and is usually deleted in human urothelial carcinoma, while the other is the GSTM5 gene, which is inactivated by DNA CpG methylation.
These data suggest that the downregulation of GSTM1 in the urothelia is a biomarker of bladder carcinogenesis and that this may be mediated by DNA CpG methylation.
GSTM1 and GSTT1 are involved in the detoxification of carcinogens such as smoking by-products, and polymorphisms in these two genes with a result of loss of enzyme activity may increase risk of carcinogenesis.
These findings suggest that consuming broccoli interacts with GSTM1 genotype to result in complex changes to signalling pathways associated with inflammation and carcinogenesis in the prostate.
The effect of polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferases M1 (GSTM1) and M3 (GSTM3) on the influence of cigarette smoking on urinary bladder carcinogenesis was investigated.
This protective effect may be due to a role of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 encoded enzymes in the metabolic activation of putative thyroid carcinogens or in other pathways involved in thyroid carcinogenesis.
These observations suggest that functionally significant pharmacogenomic variation beyond GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene deletion may contribute to carcinogenesis or individual variation in antineoplastic drug therapy response.
The present study was designed to investigate CYP1A1 (m1 and m2) role in thyroid tumorigenesis and its connection with GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, GSTO1, and codon 72 of p53 genotypes.
To investigate the glutathione-S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) polymorphisms in three Chinese minorities, Kazakh, Uygur, and Tajik; and the pathological significance of GSTM1 polymorphisms in esophageal carcinogenesis in Kazakh.
These results suggest that GSTM1 status probably has no effect on the risk of gastric cancer per se, but may modulate tobacco-related carcinogenesis of gastric cancer.
Further, the combined analysis of both GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null genotypes did not appear to influence the susceptibility to cervical cancer, suggesting that polymorphisms of other detoxifying enzymes may play a significant role in cervical carcinogenesis.
The glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) enzyme catalyses the detoxification of compounds involved in carcinogenesis of adenocarcinoma of the stomach, colon and lung, including constituents of tobacco smoke.
To investigate the role of GST enzymes in carcinogenesis and in response to chemotherapy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), GSTP1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 were studied prospectively in a large series of HNSCC patients.
Recent studies suggest an association between the EPHX1 codon 113 polymorphism or homozygous null GSTM1 allele and the risk of carcinogenesis, emphysema, phenytoin-associated oral clefting, and the risk of spontaneous abortion.