Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate <i>VEGFA</i> and <i>MIF</i> levels in breast tumors and normal breast tissues; qPCRs and western blots were used to validate the expression of clinical immuno-oncology (IO) therapeutic targets <i>CD274</i> (<i>PD-L1</i>) and IL8 in cell lines.
In conjunction to metabolomic and degradome profiling, the use of NAF as liquid biopsy approach will improve the detection of changes in the cellular microenvironment of the breast tumors, understanding molecular and biochemical mechanisms which drive breast tumor initiation, maintenance and progression, and finally enhancing the development of novel drug targets and new treatment strategies.
Modulation of genes related with invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance (ICAM-1, CXCL1, TNFAIP3, IL8) were confirmed in additional doxorubicin-treated cell lines and fresh primary human breast tumors.
Notably, examination of public datasets revealed high levels of IL8 transcripts in HER2-enriched as well as basal-like primary breast tumors, two subtypes characterized by a particularly poor prognosis.
Epidermal growth factor and estrogen act by independent pathways to additively promote the release of the angiogenic chemokine CXCL8 by breast tumor cells.
Quantification of these chemokines in breast tumors showed that samples expressing high CXCL8 also produced elevated levels of CXCL1, CXCL3, and CXCL5, and displayed low content of ERalpha.
Serum cytokine levels of interleukin-1beta, -6, -8, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor in breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen and supplemented with co-enzyme Q(10), riboflavin and niacin.
IL-1beta induces stabilization of IL-8 mRNA in malignant breast cancer cells via the 3' untranslated region: Involvement of divergent RNA-binding factors HuR, KSRP and TIAR.