We observed overexpressed and autocrinely secreted MMP-9 and VEGF along with disturbances of EC-matrix interactions in MMD but not ACVD serum-treated cEND cells.
Higher plasma concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase, hepatocyte growth factor, and interleukin-1β were reported in MMD.
We compared the genetic (RNF213 variant) and protein biomarkers for caveolae (caveolin-1), angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and receptor (VEGFR2), and antagonizing cytokine (endostatin)) and endothelial dysfunction (asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and nitric oxide and its metabolites (nitrite and nitrate)) between patients with Moyamoya disease and intracranial atherosclerotic stroke.